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1873 


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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 


PRESENTED  BY 

PROF. CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 

MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

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http://www.archive.org/details/addressatdedicatOOIafarich 


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AN    ADDRESS 


AT    THE 


Dedication  of  Pardee  Hall, 


LAFAYETTE    COLLEGE, 


OCTOBER  21,   1873, 


BY 


ROSSITER  W.  RAYMOND,  Ph.  D, 

Lecturer  upon  Mining  Engineering  in  Lafayette  College,  President  of  the 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  and  United  States 

Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistics. 


WITH    AN    APPENDIX 

CONTAINING  A  REPORT  OF  OTHER  ADDRESSES  AND  THE  GENERAL 
PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  DAY. 


PRINTED   BY   ORDER    OE   THE    BOARD. 


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AN    ADDRESS 


AT   THE 


Dedication  of  Pardee  Hall, 


^AFAYETTE    COLLEGE, 


OCTOBER  21,  1873, 


BY 


ROSSITER  W.  RAYMOND,  Ph.  D., 

Lecturer  upon  Mining  Engineering  in  Lafayette  College,  President  of  the 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  and  United  States 

Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistics. 


WITH    AN   APPENDIX 

CONTAINING  A  REPORT  OF  OTHER  ADDRESSES  AND  THE  GENERAL 
PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  DAY. 


PRINTED   BY  ORDER    OF   THE   BOARD. 


EASTON,    PA. 

1873- 


f 


LID  23  77 
•7 
1^7-3 


ADDRESS 

OF 

R.  W.  RAYMOND,  Ph.  D., 

LECTURER  ON  MINING  ENGINEERING  IN  LAFAYETTE  COLLEGE, 
PRESIDENT  OF  THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  MINING 
ENGINEERS    AND    UNITED    STATES    COMMIS- 
SIONER OF  MINING  STATISTICS. 


Mr.  President,  Brethren  of  the  Faculty  of  Lafayette  College, 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen :  The  precise  position  of  the  orator  on 
this  occasion  is  not  perfectly  clear.  We  are  gathered  in  this 
edifice,  beautiful  with  all  the  adornments  of  art  and  with  the 
higher  beauty  of  adaptation  to  the  ends  for  which  it  is  con- 
structed— a  palace,  the  possession  of  which  might  make  any 
man  proud  and  which  will  presently  be  transferred,  we  all  being 
witnesses,  to  the  formal  charge  of  those  intrusted  with  its 
administration  in  the  interest  of  the  great  cause  that  inspired 
its  erection.  Until  that  transfer  shall  have  been  made,  I  sup- 
pose we  are  in  some  sense  the  guests  of  Mr.  Ario  Pardee,  and 
perhaps  it  is  a  part  of  my  duty  to  speak  for  him  in  bidding 
you  welcome  on  this  occasion.  But  this  were  unnecessary. 
The  jubilant  city  below  you,  these  open  doors  before  you,  the 
cordial  faces  around  you,  and,  most  of  all,  the  presence  of  the 
generous  host  himself,  have  long  since  bid  you  heartily  wel- 
come. Between  him  and  you  no  mere  interpreter  is  called 
to  stand.  How  can  words  speak  for  him  whose  deeds  are  the 
best  eloquence  of  this  hour?  Nor  is  it  necessary  that  I  should 
speak  for  you,  yet  I  cannot  but  attempt  a  feeble  expression  of 
the  sentiment  which  I  know  is  uppermost  in  all  your  minds. 
When  a  multitude  is  filled  with  one  common  feeling,  the  single 
voice  that  utters  but  an  echo  of  it  is  not  unworthy  to  be  heard. 

M367558 


4  PROFESSOR    RAYMOND  S    ADDRESS. 

And  when  that  feeling  is  the  spontaneous  admiration  of  a  gen- 
erous act,  the  listener  may  discern  in  the  tones  of  the  humblest 
speaker,  not  vox  et preterea  nihil,  but  vox  popidi  and  vox  Dei, 
the  applause  of  mankind  and  the  approbation  of  Heaven.  Ser- 
vile flattery  would  be  out  of  place  at  this  time,  but  to  be  silent 
for  fear  of  offending  the  modesty  of  Mr.  Pardee  would  be  to 
surrender  the  right  and  betray  the  duty  of  praising  "  a  good 
deed  in  a  naughty  world."  The  unselfish  liberality  of  his 
endowments  of  education  here  deserves  our  hearty  recognition. 
Yet  I  more  admire  their  wisdom.  None  but  the  unselfish  can 
be  really  wise  in  benefaction.  It  would  have  been  easy,  with 
the  money  that  has  been  concentrated  here,  to  win  the  reputa- 
tion of  munificence  throughout  the  land.  Innumerable  sub- 
scription lists  might  have  been  enriched,  countless  paragraphs 
in  the  newspapers  might  have  sounded  the  name  of  the  profes- 
sional philanthropist,  whose  purse  was  never  closed.  I  would 
not  disparage  any  form  of  generosity,  but  I  do  not  hesitate  to 
say  that  the  highest  use  to  which  wealth  can  be  put  is  not  found 
in  indolent  yielding  to  the  calls  of  charity.  The  steward  of 
worldly  property  is  bound  to  administer  it  with  forethought  and 
wisdom,  to  study  earnestly  the  objects  to  be  gained,  and  to  seek 
the  best  means  in  his  charity  as  in  his  business.  On  behalf  of 
the  Christian  citizens  of  the  United  States — a  nation  whose 
national  virtue,  and  vice,  is  giving — I  wish  to  thank  Mr.  Pardee 
for  a  new  example  of  giving  wisely — giving  thought  as  well  as 
money.     As  the  poet  says,  "  he  gives  himself  with  his  gift." 

Americans  are  sometimes  accused  by  foreign  critics  of  an 
excessive  love  of  making  money.  There  is  truth  in  the  state- 
ment, but  not  in  the  blame  conveyed.  In  the  first  place  our 
people  work  harder,  because  their  wants  are  more  numerous 
than  those  of  other  nations.  They  read  more  books,  they  buy 
more  pianos,  they  travel  more,  they  try  more  earnestly  (if  not 
always  with  the  best  success)  to  satisfy  the  sense  of  beauty  in 
the  household,  and  all  these  things  cost  money.  But  when  the 
limit  has  been  reached  at  which  all  desired  facilities  and  com- 
forts of  life  can  be  secured,  our  people  still  continue  to  work 
and  to  make  money.  Yet  they  do  not  accumulate  like  misers ; 
they  rejoice  in  activity,  they  do  not  gloat  over  gold.  It  is  not 
avarice,  but  the  joy  of   conscious   power   that   moves    them. 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  5 

Nothing,  indeed,  is  sadder  than  the  sight  of  such  activity, 
pivoted  wholly  upon  selfishness,  outraging  the  feelings  of  the 
good  or  the  rights  of  the  weak.  But  nothing  is  more  beautiful 
than  the  spectacle  of  wealth  wielded  with  the  strong  hand  and 
generous  heart,  of  skill  and  sagacity  brought  to  bear  upon  the 
question,  how  to  benefit  society.  Such  wealth  breeds  no  danger 
to  the  community,  and  ought  never  to  rouse  the  faintest  sigh  of 
envy.  Every  poor  man  in  Pennsylvania  has  reason  to  be  glad 
and  give  thanks  to-day  that  Ario  Pardee  is  rich. 

I  said  that  I  would  not  speak  for  him,  but  in  that  which  I  am 
now  about  to  say  I  am  sure  he  would  wish  to  join.  Our  tribute 
to  Mr.  Pardee  himself  would  be  incomplete  if  it  did  not  make 
mention  of  one  whom  he  has  so  highly  esteemed  and  trusted 
and  whom  we  all  admire  and  love — the  man  to  whom  Lafayette 
College  owes  it  to-day  that  she  is  able  and  worthy  to  accept  this 
new  and  magnificent  trust — I  mean  her  honored  president. 
Those  who  remember  the  condition  of  the  college  less  than  a 
decade  ago  and  who  look  upon  its  condition  and  prospects  now 
are  able  to  measure,  perhaps,  the  wonderful  work  that  he  has 
done ;  but  who  can  measure  the  energy,  the  tact,  the  single- 
minded  devotion,'  that  went  to  the  doing  of  it  ?  The  successive 
endowments,  amounting  now  to  nearly  a  million  dollars,  which 
have  poured  in  during  that  period,  have  been  so  many  testimo- 
nies of  faith  in  the  man  at  the  helm  of  the  enterprise.  But  all 
these  tokens  of  outward  success  would  be  vain  without  the  wit- 
ness of  the  interior  prosperity  of  the  college  itself;,  its  harmo- 
nious activity ;  its  high  standard  of  scholarship ;  its  steady  and 
conservative  progress ;  its  cordial  recognition  of  the  demands 
of  the  age,  and  its  firm  retention  of  that  which  was  best  in  the 
ancient  curriculum  and  discipline.  I  believe  that  I  speak  the 
unanimous  feeling  of  the  faculty  of  the  scientific  department 
when  I  say  that  we  regard  President  Cattell  as  a  wise  and  pru- 
dent director,  a  sympathetic  and  judicious  critic,  a  dear  friend 
and  the  centre  and  power  of  our  department,  as  of  every  other 
in  the  college. 

As  I  look  upon  this  scene,  so  significant  of  the  new  era  in 
human  thought  and  labor  upon  which  we  are  entering,  my  mind 
turns  to  another  scene  gazed  upon  not  long  ago  and  never  to 
be  forgotten.     Perhaps  the  subject  which  has  filled  the  minds 


O  PROFESSOR    RAYMOND'S   ADDRESS. 

of  the  largest  number  of  civilized  men,  for  the  longest  time, 
during  the  year  which  is  now  drawing  to  a  close  is  the  Exposi- 
tion at  Vienna.  Nothing  could  well  be  more  unjustifiable  than 
the  statement  that  has  been  made  in  certain  quarters  that  this 
Exposition  was  a  failure.  There  are  but  two  circumstances 
which  could  serve,  even  indirectly,  as  a  basis  for  such  an  opinion. 
The  first  is  the  circumstance  that  the  management  of  this  Ex- 
position on  the  part  of  the  commission  representing  the  Austrian 
government  has  incurred  for  that  government  the  loss  of  many 
millions  by  the  magnificence  and  costliness  of  its  appointments. 
It  is  said  that,  apart  from  the  original  outlay  involved,  the  daily 
expenses  of  the  Exposition  have  been  greater  than  its  current 
receipts.  But  this,  however  it  may  be  regarded  from  the  stand- 
point of  the  party  called  upon  to  pay  the  bills,  is  certainly  no 
case  for  complaint  from  the  lips  of  those  who,  as  visitors,  have 
enjoyed  for  so  much  less  than  their  due  proportion  of  its  cost 
the  benefits  of  this  extraordinary  display.  The  second  ground 
for  the  allegation  of  failure  is  the  defectiveness  of  the  system 
of  arrangements,  or  rather  the  failure  to  adhere  to  any  system 
in  arrangement  presented  by  the  Exposition.  This  defect  ren- 
dered it  extremely  difficult,  if  not  totally  impossible,  to  study 
satisfactorily  either  the  products  of  any  one  nation  as  such  or 
the  natural  exhibition  of  any  one  product  as  such.  But  this 
lamentable  blemish  was  intimately  connected  with  the  extent 
and  magnificence  of  the  Exposition  as  a  whole ;  with  its  extent, 
because  it  was  the  overwhelming  abundance  of  objects  exhibited 
which  overflowed  the  limits  assigned  in  the  original  plan  to 
nations  and  to  groups ;  with  its  magnificence,  because  the  pres- 
ence in  great  numbers  of  individual  installations  for  private  and 
separate  exhibitions,  though  one  of  the  most  troublesome  ele- 
ments in  the  way  of  the  serious  student  in  any  special  depart- 
ment, nevertheless,  to  the  eye  of  the  casual  visitor,  added  greatly 
to  the  beauty  and  splendor  of  the  scene. 

The  truth  of  criticisms  on  these  points  being  granted,  there 
remains  little  to  be  urged  against  the  statement  that  the  Vienna 
Exposition  far  surpassed  its  predecessors  as  an  epitome  of  the 
present  condition  of  the  world,  with  respect  not  only  to  the 
mechanic  arts,  but  in  the  whole  range  of  elements  which  go  to 
make  up  modern  civilization.     More  than  any  previous  enter- 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  7 

prises  of  its.  kind,  it  was  a  World's  Exposition.  This  cosmo- 
politan character  was  due  partly  to  the  position  of  Vienna  itself, 
situated  as  it  is  almost  on  the  edge  of  Asia,  partly  to  the  extra- 
ordinary and  not  yet  fully  comprehended  awakening  of  the 
Orient  peoples  within  the  last  decade  to  the  new  life  of  modern 
progress.  Both  significant  and  amazing  were  the  evidences  of 
intellectual  and  industrial  activity  presented  at  this  Exposition 
from  regions  which  have  for  centuries  scarcely  contributed  any- 
thing to  the  common  stock  of  mankind  in  any  department  of 
science  or  art.  The  enormous  material  progress  of  the  Austrian 
empire  was  so  magnificently  illustrated  in  the  endless  spaces 
devoted  to  that  country  within  the  walls  of  the  Exposition,  that 
we  may  fairly  believe  that  Austria,  in  the  effect  produced  upon 
other  nations  and  upon  the  consciousness  of  her  own  citizens, 
will  gain  from  this  undertaking  a  benefit  more  than  sufficient  to 
counterbalance  her  financial  loss.  The  remarkable  exhibitions 
of  Turkish,  Persian,  Indian,  Chinese,  Japanese  and  Egyptian 
industries,  and  the  still  more  remarkable  fact  that  all  these 
remote  regions  should  be  roused  to  participate  actively  in  such 
an  exposition  at  all,  opened  a  vista  of  the  coming  brotherhood 
and  consolidated  progress  of  the  nations  which  never  before  in 
such  glory  and  completeness  had  dawned  upon  the  world.  The 
Exposition  was,  in  truth,  a  microcosm  of  the  civilized  world. 
To  walk  through  its  interminable  aisles,  its  seven  immense  prin- 
cipal buildings,  crowded  with  the  achievements  of  human  intel- 
ligence and  perseverance  in  every  clime,  to  visit  the  200  outside 
buildings,  palaces,  peasant-houses,  cafes,  bazars,  pavilions,  his- 
torical exhibitions,  scattered  through  the  grounds,  was  like 
compressing  into  a  few  days  the  experiences  of  a  lifetime  of 
travel  over  the  whole  earth. 

One  of  the  most  profound  lessons  taught  by  this  Exposition 
is  the  great  truth  that  human  knowledge  has  grown  far  too  wide 
and  multiform  to  be  compassed  any  longer  by  individuals,  and 
particularly  that  the  conventional  culture  of  former  generations 
fails  to  give  even  a  key  for  the  comprehension  of  this.  In  the 
face  of  this  bewildering  display  of  multiplied  arts,  the  inadequacy 
of  what  used  to  be  considered  a  liberal  education  was  pain- 
fully apparent.  One  who  wore  the  scholastic  title  of  "  Master 
of  Arts  "  could  not  but  blush  to  find  himself  in  their  presence, 


8  PROFESSOR    RAYMOND'S    ADDRESS. 

and  not  only  not  their  master,  but  almost  absolutely  ignorant  of 
them  all. 

A  second  lesson,  not  less  important  and  timely,  is  the  convic- 
tion produced  by  such  an  ocular  demonstration  that  entire  igno- 
rance of  the  world  in  which  we  live,  and  of  the  activity  which 
characterizes  the  present  age,  will  no  longer  be  tolerable  to  cul- 
tivated men.  While  the  scholar,  confining  himself  to  the  narrow 
range  of  conventional  studies,  could  live  his  quiet  life  untroubled 
by  the  thought  of  the  vast  realms  and  interests  with  which  he 
had  no  concern,  it  was  possible  for  men  to  maintain  an  artificial 
standard  of  learning  and  accomplishments.  The  time  is  not  far 
past  when  a  little  familiarity  with  classic  literature,  pure  mathe- 
matics, speculative  philosophy,  and  rhetoric  would  entitle  him  to 
be  considered  an  educated  man,  who  was  ignorant  of  living  lan- 
guages, of  the  geography  and  politics  of  foreign  countries,  of  the 
physical  sciences,  and  of  the  gigantic  enterprises  of  human  pro- 
gress which  are  based  upon  them.  But  that  time  is  already  gone 
by ;  it  is  no  longer  wise  or  Christian,  and  soon  it  will  be  no  longer 
fashionable  to  wrap  one's  self  in  the  narrow  garments  of  an  out- 
worn scholastic  culture,  and  to  ignore  the  vital  problems  and 
movements  of  the  times.  This  brings  us  to  the  question  of  the 
new  era  in  education  corresponding  to  the  new  era  in  human 
liberty  and  human  thought ;  the  era  of  universal  interchange 
and  universal  progress  among  the  nations  ;  the  era  of  the  appli- 
cation of  scientific  discovery  to  the  welfare  of  humanity ;  the  era 
of  the  triumph  of  mind  over  matter. 

What  then  is  education  ?  No  doubt  in  the  widest  sense  it  is 
the  development  and  training  of  the  faculties  of  man  which,  be- 
ginning at  the  cradle,  ends  only  at  the  grave,  and  comprises  not 
merely  all  that  parents  and  teachers  can  impart,  but  the  far  greater 
influence  of  every  circumstance  of  life. 

It  is,  indeed,  fortunate  that  such  is  the  case.  Sad  would  be 
the  fate  of  many  a  man  if  the  mistaken  and  incomplete  prepara- 
tion which  he  received  in  school  were  all  that  he  had  to  rely  upon 
in  the  struggles  and  labors  of  life.  In  many,  if  not  in  most  cases, 
the  training  of  the  school  does  little  more  than  to  awaken  and 
to  direct,  perchance  to  misdirect,  those  faculties  which  must 
afterward  become  sharpened  and  hardened  by  the  attrition  of 
contact  with  practical  affairs.     Nevertheless,  the  importance  of 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  9 

wisely  administering  that  part  of  the  education  of  a  man  which 
we  call  education  in  a  narrow  sense,  cannot  be  over-estimated ; 
and  it  is  well  to  inquire  what  are  its  true  objects  and  methods ; 
whether  it  does  or  does  not  need  to  be  modified  to  suit  the 
changing  conditions,  social  and  political,  of  the  human  race. 

It  is  not  my  intention  to  enter  upon  a  thorough  discussion  of 
this  profound  subject.  I  can  claim  no  such  authority  as  would 
entitle  me  to  attention,  if  I  were  rash  enough  to  undertake  this 
task.  But  one  or  two  general  observations,  intended  rather  to 
formulate  that  which  all  parties  believe  than  to  advance  propo- 
sitions likely  to  arouse  controversy,  may  not  be  out  of  place  at 
this  time. 

What  is  practically  the  object  of  education  in  its  limited  sense? 
What  is  our  object  in  sending  our  boys  to  school  ?  I  think  we 
may  all  unite  in  one  reply.  It  is  to  do  what  lies  in  our  power 
to  insure  their  success  in  life.  I  say  we  may  all  unite  in  this 
reply,  since  the  terms  employed  are  so  vague  as  to  permit  each 
one  of  us  to  put  upon  them  his  own  construction.  Our  ideal  of 
success  in  life  may  range  from  the  mere  acquisition  of  money  or 
fame  to  the  highest  conception  of  usefulness  and  benefaction. 
The  means  need  not  greatly  differ,  whether  the  motives  be  selfish 
or  generous  and  lo,fty.  So  far  as  the  physical  and  intellectual 
training  of  the  student  is  concerned,  those  means  which  would 
make  him  strongest  for  his  own  aggrandizement  would  make 
him  strongest  also  for  the  good  of  his  neighbor  and  the  world. 
Power  is  power ;  knowledge  and  skill  are  power,  whether  they 
are  employed  by  noble  or  by  mean  and  selfish  motives. 

The  great  antithesis  of  the  age,  illustrated  not  only  by  the 
Vienna  Exposition  of  which  I  have  spoken,  but  by  all  the  social 
phenomena  that  surrounds  us,  consists  in  a  tendency  on  the  one 
hand  to  organization  and  combination,  and  on  the  other  hand  to 
the  development  and  protection  of  individual  rights  and  cha- 
racter. Great  corporations  and  great  nations  are  moving  through 
contemporaneous  history  with  a  momentum  never  realized  before 
in  any  age,  yet  at  the  same  time  there  never  was  an  age  when 
the  individual  man  more  highly  prized  and  more  successfully 
defended,  or  more  universally  developed  and  applied,  his  indi- 
vidual rights  and  faculties.  The  dream  of  some  philosophers, 
of  a  social  organization  in  which  the  division  of  labor  should  be 


10  PROFESSOR    RAYMONDS   ADDRESS. 

carried  to  an  extreme,  and  every  man  should  do  only  that  which 
he  could  do  best,  so  that  communities  of  men  should  become 
the  units  of  the  race  of  the  future,  contradicted  not  only  the 
wisdom  of  the  past,  but  the  unconquerable  instincts  and  unerring 
prophecies  of  the  present.  Side  by  side  with  the  principle  of 
the  unity  of  the  race  in  its  interests,  its  progress,  and  its  destiny 
— that  principle  which  is  the  central  social  force  of  Christianity — 
stands  another,  without  which  the  first  would  be  worthless  and 
barren,  that  of  the  dignity,  liberty,  and  responsibility  of  the  in- 
dividual man  ;  and  however  much  these  principles  in  their  social 
and  political  outworkings  may  seem  to  contradict  one  another, 
the  practical  experience  of  the  race  has  shown  that  they  cannot 
be  separated,  that  man  cannot  reach  his  full  individual  develop- 
ment without  the  recognition  of  the  brotherhood  of  all,  and,  on 
the  other  hand,  that  there  can  be  no  true  progress  of  mankind 
except  by  the  elevation  and  education  of  individual  men.  As, 
according  to  the  poet,  it  is  the  citizens  that  constitute  the  state, 
so  we  may  now  say  in  a  larger  view  it  is  the  full-grown,  free,  in- 
telligent, and  virtuous  man  tha*-  constitutes  the  life,  power,  and 
hope  of  the  race. 

In  the  quaint  and  stately  old  cathedral  of  Antwerp,  behind  the 
high  altar,  is  a  picture  before  which  I  stood^ not  many  days  ago, 
with  a  special  interest — an  Ascension  of  the  Virgin,  by  Quentin 
Matseys,  the  Blacksmith.  You  remember  his  romantic  story, 
how  he  became  an  artist  for  love  of  a  painter's  daughter,  and  how, 
after  years  of  laborious  endeavor,  he  returned  to  his  native  town 
to  conquer,  by  his  triumphant  art,  both  fame  and  happiness. 
The  genius  cannot  have  been  wanting  in  him  from  the  begin- 
ning, but  it  might  have  slumbered  always  had  it  not  been  called 
to  life  by  the  clarion  voices  of  love  and  necessity. 

In  the  transept  of  the  same  cathedral  hangs  the  masterpiece 
of  the  prolific,  exuberant  pencil  of  Rubens — the  Descent  from 
the  Cross.  This  great  artist  followed  his  own  irresistible  im- 
pulse ;  he  flooded  the  world  with  pictures,  laid  all  history  and 
mythology  under  contribution  to  his  easel,  rose  while  yet  living 
to  a  lofty  eminence  in  the  opinion  of  men,  of  which  he  cannot 
be  said  to  be  deprived  by  death  and  time.  In  comparison  with 
the  masterly  completeness  in  spirit,  design,  and  detail,  in  draw- 
ing and  color,  in  light  and  shade,  of  his  immortal  picture,  the 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  I  I 

canvas  of  the  blacksmith  presents  but  a  vision  of  meritorious 
mediocrity  ;  and,  gazing  upon  the  two,  one  is  compelled  to  admit 
that  painters  are  born,  not  made. 

That  which  is  true  of  painters  may  be  maintained  as  well  of 
every  handicraft  and  occupation.  If  the  acquirement  of  the 
highest  excellence  in  special  directions  is  the  object  sought,  then, 
one  might  say,  nothing  can  be  better  as  a  means  than  encourage- 
ment and  training  of  special  tendencies.  Let  him  pursue  a  given 
study  who  finds  it  pleasant  and  easy ;  let  him  who  does  not  find 
it  so,  avoid  it.  "  Follow  your  bent"  may  be,  on  this  supposi- 
tion, the  best  advice  to  every  young  beginner;  education  may 
consist  mainly  in  the  development  of  the  strong  faculties  and  the 
neglect  of  the  weaker ;  society  may  be,  in  its  normal  state,  an 
aggregation  of  specialists,  presenting  in  its  extremest  form  the 
principle  of  the  division  of  labor  as  the  best  life  of  the  human 
race. 

But  this  is  not  the  case.  Even  the  object  sought,  of  special 
excellence  in  separate  lines,  cannot  be  best  attained  by  such  a 
system.  The  processes  and  products  and  rewards  of  each  pur- 
suit are  so  bound  up  with  those  of  all  the  world  that  the  isolated 
worker  stands  in  great  risk  of  failure. 

Nor  is  the  production  of  specialists  the  chief  end  of  education. 
These  are  the  very  characters  we  do  not  need  to  educate.  They 
will  produce  themselves,  when  the  inner  impulse  is  strong  enough 
to  make  them  fruitful  and  useful. 

What  is,  then,  the  end  of  educational  systems?  Primarily  to 
draw  out  (as  the  word  implies),  to  develop,  to  stimulate,  and  train 
the  dormant  faculties  ;  to  produce  many-sided — as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible full-orbed  and  rounded  men.  Life  and  labor  will  soon 
enough  beat- them  into  special  forms.  There  is  no  danger  that 
our  little  schooling,  of  a  few  hours  per  week  for  a  few  years,  will 
roll  all  minds  to  profitless  uniformity.  The  peril  is  on  the  other 
side  altogether ;  and  it  is  for  us  to  labor  to  prevent,  particularly 
under  the  circumstances  of  American  society,  the  rise  of  a  gen- 
eration of  narrow  specialists. 

There  is  danger  that  in  our  new-born  zeal  for  scientific  educa- 
tion we  may  sacrifice  the  interests  of  a  truly  liberal  culture,  pro- 
ducing, as  I  have  said,  a  generation  of  specialists,  incapable  of 
appreciating  the  departments  of  human  thought  which  lie  out- 


12  PROFESSOR   RAYMOND'S   ADDRESS. 

side  their  own,  or  even  of  rising  within  their  own  departments 
to  broad  and  comprehensive  views.  We  must  not  use  the  mi- 
croscope till  we  spoil  the  eyes.  We  must  not  overstrain  the  in- 
vestigator until  he  becomes  less  than  a  full  man.  The  chemists, 
geologists,  engineers,  must  not  cease  to  be  intelligent  and  active 
citizens.  It  may  be  demonstrated  that  such  a  mistaken  neglect 
of  studies  outside  the  range  of  a  chosen  profession,  cripples  ac- 
tivity and  impairs  success  even  in  that  profession.  It  is  one  re- 
sult of  the  brotherhood  of  knowledge  that  no  man,  whether  em- 
ployed in  the  original  investigation  of  nature  or  in  the  application 
of  natural  laws  to  practical  ends,  can  advance  successfully  with- 
out perpetual  communication  of  his  thoughts  to  others,  and  the 
reception  of  their  suggestions  and  experiences  in  return.  Hence 
the  mastery  of  language,  which  was  the  first  condition  of  civil- 
ization, remains  the  essential  condition  of  progress.  The  power 
to  comprehend  statements,  logical  arguments  and  demonstra- 
tions, and  to  make  such  statements  as  may  be  comprehended  by 
others,  and  will  carry  weight  and  influence  in  the  very  perfection 
of  their  form,  is  a  vitally  important  part  of  the  preparation  of 
every  young  man  for  his  life's  career.  His  success,  aside  from 
its  moral  qualities,  will  be  in  direct  proportion  to  his  influence 
over  other  men ;  and  this  influence,  again,  will  be  in  part  pro- 
portional to  his  command  of  the  means  by  which  the  minds  of 
men  are  moved — namely,  language.  Under  this  term  we  may 
include  a  knowledge  of  the  methods  of  practical  reasoning,  and 
if  this  knowledge  is  best  obtained  by  scholastic  study  of  logic, 
then  logic  must  be  studied.  If  Latin  and  Greek  are  necessary, 
then  they  must  be  studied.  For  us,  one  thing  is  certainly  neces- 
sary— a  thorough  mastery  of  the  English  tongue  ;  and  .this  alone 
has  been  made  to  yield,  in  Lafayette  College,  a  mental  discipline 
not  inferior  to  that  of  the  classics. 

But  influence  is  not  due  to  language  alone.  Behind  this  ve- 
hicle of  thought  there  must  be  fullness  and  variety  of  thought 
itself.  Those  fruitful  analogies,  felicitous  illustrations,  graceful 
associations,  which  come,  and  come  alone,  though  wide  acquaint- 
ance with  hutfnan  life  and  literature  are  so  many  elements  of 
power ;  and  without  this  broad  basis  of  a  common  ground  from 
which  to  move  the  minds  of  others,  the  student  of  a  special  sci- 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  1 3 

ence,  though  possessed  of  the  lever  of  Archimedes  that  would 
move  the  world,  has  no  place  whereon  to  stand. 

In  accordance  with  these  principles,  the  object  of  the  system 
of  college  education  in  America  has  always  been — development 
and  discipline  of  character  and  the  broad  preparation  of  the 
student  for  his  subsequent  special  or  professional  pursuits.  Our 
colleges  may  not  have  succeeded  in  realizing  this  ideal,  never- 
theless this  has  been  their  ideal ;  and  it  is  the  right  one,  as  much 
to-day  as  ever.  Whatever  changes  are  required  in  our  institu- 
tions of  learning,  to  adapt  them  to  the  necessities  of  the  modern 
era,  must  be  changes  in  accordance  with  this  principle — changes 
of  means,  not  of  ends,  so  far  as  colleges  are  concerned. 

That  changes  are  required  is  admitted  on  all  hands.  It  is  ad- 
mitted that  the  physical  sciences  should  be  introduced  to  primary 
and  preparatory  schools ;  that  they  should  be  taught  for  the 
double  purpose  of  mental  discipline  and  of  mental  acquirement 
in  the  class-rooms  of  our  colleges ;  that  in  teaching  them  the 
scientific,  inductive,  experimental,  instead  of  the  dogmatic, 
method  should  be  pursued ;  and,  finally,  that  either  connected 
with  our  colleges  or  standing  outside  of  them,  schools  of  thor- 
ough scientific  and  technical  special  training  are  imperatively 
required.  It  is  to  inaugurate  the  wider  activity*  of  such  a  school 
that  we  are  met  here  to-day,  and  I  shall  say  a  few  words  con- 
cerning the  relation  of  this  school  to  Lafayette  College  on  the 
one  hand,  and  to  technical  education  and  the  needs  of  the  present 
time  in  technical  departments  on  the  other  hand. 

It  must  be  considered  a  benefit,  both  to  the  college  and  to  the 
school,  that  they  belong  together.  So  important  an  element  as 
that  which  is  represented  by  the  scientific  department  must  have 

*  The  scientific  school  of  Lafayette  College  "  was  organized  in  1866,  to  carry  into 
effect  the  conditions  of  a  donation  from  A.  Pardee,  Esq.,  of  Hazleton,  Pennsylvania. 
In  July,  1867,  in  response  to  the  growing  wants  of  the  department,  the  original  dona- 
tion was  increased  to  $200,000,  on  condition  that  other  friends  of  the  College 
should  add  the  same  sum  to  its  general  endowment.  The  donations  for  that  pur- 
pose, completing  nearly  half  a  million  of  dollars  lately  added  to  the  College  funds, 
were  made  before  January  1,  1869.  In  1871  Mr.  Pardee  made  another  donation 
of  $200,000,  for  the  erection  of  a  building  designed  for  the  Departments  of  Engi- 
neering, Metallurgy,  and  Chemistry."— From  the  College  Catalogue  of  1872-3. 

Mr.  Pardee  has  also  furnished  the  entire  scientific  equipment  of  the  building  at 
an  additional  cost  of  more  than  fifty  thousand  dollars. 


14  professor  Raymond's  address. 

a  beneficial  effect  on  the  atmosphere  and  the  curriculum  of  the 
college,  while,  in  turn,  the  learning  and  the  culture  of  the  col- 
lege will  shed  its  benefits  upon  the  special  course  of  the  school. 
It  is,  indeed,  eminently  desirable,  so  far  as  it  is  practicable,  that 
the  young  student  should  pursue  a  special  course  in  addition  to, 
and  not  instead  of,  a  general  course.  And  here  let  me  allude  to 
one  of  the  greatest  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  American  edu- 
cation— I  mean  the  haste  manifested  by  parents  and  guardians 
to  get  through  with  the  education  of  those  whom  they  have  in 
charge.  We  are  often  told  how  absurd  it  is  to  attempt  in  this 
age  of  multiplied  knowledge  to  educate  young  men  with  the 
means  which  were  considered  adequate  half  a  century  ago ;  but 
we  are  not  so  often  told  of  the  absurdity  of  attempting  to  prepare 
young  men  for  active  and  successful  careers  in  the  time  that  was 
considered  adequate  fifty  years  ago.  The  enormously  increased 
demands  of  modern  life,  requiring  as  they  do  thai:  a  man  shall 
know  more  things,  and  know  how  to  do  more  things,  than  were 
formerly  sufficient  for  his  reasonable  success,  are  not  to  be  sat- 
isfied by  a  mere  change  in  a  few  subjects  of  instruction.  It  is 
not  enough  to  substitute  one  study  for  another.  The  period  of 
study  must  also  be  prolonged.  In  recognition  of  this  principle, 
while  it  is  for  the  present  impracticable  to  make  it  an  invariable 
part  of  a  college  education,  by  imperatively  increasing  the  length 
of  the  college  course,  or  by  raising  the  standard  of  admission  to 
colleges,  the  device  of  a  post-graduate  course  has  been  very  gen- 
erally adopted ;  and  it  will  not  be  long  before  experience  will 
demonstrate  that  those  men  who  have  received  the  most  thor- 
ough preparatory  training  are  able  to  overtake  and  to  outstrip 
in  the  subsequent  race  of  life  those  who  started  with  half-devel- 
oped powers  and  half  furnished  minds. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  the  business  and  duty  of  the  educator 
not  only  to  furnish  systematic  preparation  to  those  who  have 
the  ability  to  control  their  own  plans  or  to  wisely  commence  at 
the  beginning  and  continue  to  the  end,  but  also  to  assist  those 
less  fortunate  ones  who,  forced  prematurely  to  assume  the  re- 
sponsibility of  self-support,  are  nevertheless  desirous  of  obtain- 
ing such  benefit  as  they  can  from  books  and  teachers.  If  it  is 
true  that  a  little  knowledge  is  a  dangerous  thing,  it  is  also  true 
that  half  a  loaf  is  better  than  no  bread.     A  partial  education  is 


DEDICATION    OF   PARDEE    HALL.  1 5 

better  than  none ;  yet  this  choice  should  never  be  made  save 
under  the  pressure  of  necessity.  The  scientific  department  of 
Lafayette  College  will  not  refuse  its  benefits  to  those  who  desire 
to  follow  a  special  course,  while  at  the  same  time  it  will  be  ad- 
ministered with  full  recognition  of  the  greater  value  of  a  com- 
plete symmetrical  system  of  college  training. 

While  we  trust  that  in  time  to  come  scientific  investigation  will 
be  promoted  in  no  mean  degree  by  this  school  and  its  graduates, 
it  must  be  confessed  that  at  the  present  time  its  object  is  chiefly 
the  preparation  of  young  men  for  practical  pursuits  involving  the 
applications  of  science.  Nor  can  it  be  fairly  said  that  this  de- 
partment is  inferior  in  dignity  to  the  pursuit  of  abstract  science, 
so  called.  It  is  out  of  the  ranks  of  the  practical  workers  that 
those  peculiarly  gifted  in  scientific  investigation  are  likely  to 
arise ;  and  it  is  in  the  ranks  of  practical  workers  that  they  must 
look,  chiefly,  for  appreciation  and  support.  It  is  no  derogation 
from  the  value  of  a  discovery  of  truth,  to  say  that  it  can  be  made 
useful  to  man ;  and,  hence,  there  is  no  inferiority  in  the  position 
of  those  who  make  it  useful  to  man. 

Indeed,  that  which  the  whole  world  chiefly  needs  to-day,  and 
our  country  not  less  than  any  other,  is  the  application  of  scien- 
tific truths  and  principles  already  known  to  the  affairs  and  labors 
and  problems  of  daily  life.  We  might  even  afford  to  pause  in 
our  career  of  fresh  discoveries,  to  consolidate  the  progress  and 
utilize  the  results  already  obtained.  But  the  alternative  is  not 
presented ;  it  is  not  necessary  or  best  that  any  part  of  the  intel- 
lectual activity  of  the  age  should  pause ;  the  advance  of  science 
itself  assists,  and  is  assisted  by,  the  applications  of  science.  For 
the  sake  of  science,  because  for  the  sake  of  man,  we  need  a  sci- 
entific in  the  place  of  a  barbarous  or  scholastic  architecture ;  a 
scientific  in  the  place  of  a  traditional  agriculture ;  a  scientific  in 
the  place  of  an  empirical  engineering.  We  need  more  machinery, 
more  economical  applications  of  power,  more  effective  processes 
of  metallurgy  and  manufacture,  more  exact  knowledge  in  all 
these  particulars  of  our  own  condition  and  necessities,  and  of  the 
degree  in  which  these  can  be  supplied  by  experience  already 
attained  abroad. 

Lesoinne,  a  distinguished  French  writer,  defines  metallurgy 
as  "  the  art  of  making  money  in  the  treatment  of  metals."    This 


1 6  professor  Raymond's  address. 

definition  may  be  applied  to  almost  all  occupations  of  life.  The 
practical  art  of  each  is  not  only  to  achieve  certain  results,  but  to 
do  so  profitably,  to  make  money  in  doing  so ;  that  is  to  say,  to 
increase  the  value  of  the  raw  materials,  whether  wood,  or  cotton, 
or  ores,  or  time,  or  ideas,  by  the  use  we  make  of  them,  and  the 
transformation  to  which  we  submit  them,  so  as  thereby  to  really 
elevate  the  condition  of  humanity — to  leave  the  world  better 
than  we  found  it.  This  is,  in  its  last  analysis,  the  meaning  of 
honestly  making  money.  Men  are  put  into  this  world  with  lim- 
ited powers  and  with  limited  time  to  provide  for  their  own  sus- 
tenance and  comfort,  and  to  improve  their  condition.  A  certain 
portion  of  these  powers  and  this  time  is  required  for  the  support 
of  life  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  comfort,  and  with  more  or 
less  multiplied  means  and  avenues  of  enjoyment,  activity,  and 
influence.  Whatever  their  labor  produces  more  than  this,  is 
represented  by  wealth,  and  for  purposes  of  exchange  by  muney. 
To  make  money  honestly,  is  to  do  something  for  other  men 
better  or'  cheaper  than  they  can  do  it  for  themselves ;  to  save 
time  and  labor  for  them — in  a  word,  to  elevate  their  condition. 
It  is  in  this  sense,  greatly  as  we  Americans  are  supposed  to  be 
devoted  to  making  money,  that  we  need  to  learn  how  to  make 
more  money ;  how  to  make  our  labor  more  fruitful ;  how  to  as- 
sail more  successfully  with  our  few  hands  the  natural  obstacles 
and  the  natural  resources  of  a  mighty  continent;  how  to  build 
up  on  the  area  of  that  continent  a  prosperous  nation  united  in 
varied,  fruitful,  and  harmonious  industries,  glowing  with  patri- 
otism and  inspired  by  religion. 

In  this  work  we  need  specially  the  basis  of  a  more  thorough 
technical  institution,  applying  principles  of  science  to  the  mate- 
rial and  economical  problems  involved.  This  education  is  neces- 
sary to  supply  the  directing  forces  for  the  great  agricultural, 
manufacturing,  and  engineering  improvements  of  the  country. 
It  is  also  needed  as  a  solvent  and  remedy  for  the  antagonism 
between  labor  and  capital.  The  true  protection  of  labor  will  be 
found  in  its  higher  education,  and  in  opening  to  the  individual 
laborer  for  himself  and  for  his  children,  by  means  of  that  educa- 
tion, a  prospect  of  indefinite  improvement  and  advancement. 

But  we  do  not  flatter  ourselves  that  the  operation  of  a  school 
will"  be   sufficient,  by  any  magic  that  there  is   in   books  or 


DEDICATION    OF   PARDEE    HALL.  1/ 

teachers,  to  produce  full-grown,  well-trained,  wise  and  ready- 
experts.  Going  to  school  is  but  opening  the  door ;  leaving  the 
school  is  but  crossing  the  threshold.  What  we  wish  is  to  open 
the  door  right,  to  open  the  right  door,  and  to  start  the  beginner 
in  the  right  direction.  It  would  be  easy  to  show  two  great  cor- 
relative propositions  to  be  true ;  first  that  scientific  instruction 
is  not  and  cannot  be  a  substitute  for  necessary  practice ;  sec- 
ondly that  practice  alone  cannot  be  a  perfect  substitute  for  the- 
oretic knowledge — for  that  acquaintance  with  principles  involved 
in  any  occupation,  with  their  mutual  relations,  their  comparative 
importance,  which  enables  the  workman  under  new  sets  of  cir- 
cumstances to  perpetually  reconstruct  his  art  out  of  his  science. 

We  have  instances  enough  of  learned  students  of  finance  who 
could  not  be  trusted  to  manage  a  bank,  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  recent  history  of  our  country  sufficiently  demonstrates  that 
many  experienced  bankers  are  too  ignorant  of  the  principles  of 
finance  to  foresee  approaching  danger,  to  remedy  present  trou- 
bles, or  even  to  know  what  is  desirable  for  the  future,  let  alone 
what  would  be  the  proper  means  of  reaching  such  desirable 
results.  Political  economists  are  not  necessarily  practical  states- 
men, yet  it  is  ardently  to  be  desired  that  practical  statesmen 
were  more  frequently  political  economists. 

In  the  realm  of  metallurgical  and  engineering  operations  the 
difference  between  theoretical  and  practical  training  is,  perhaps, 
still  more  striking.  The  student  of  chemistry  in  the  laboratory 
cannot  be  made  acquainted  with  many  of  the  conditions  which 
obtain  in  chemical  and  metallurgical  operations  upon  a  larger 
scale.  All  the  chemists  of  the  world  failed  to  comprehend  or 
to  describe  correctly  the  apparently  simple  reactions  involved  in 
the  manufacture  of  pig  iron,  until  by  the  genius  and  enterprise 
of  such  men  as  Bell,  Sunner  and  Akerman,  the  blast-furnace 
itself,  in  the  conditions  of  actual  practice,  was  penetrated  and 
minutely  studied.  Moreover,  in  all  the  experimental  inquiries 
of  the  laboratory  the  question  of  economy  plays  no  part.  It  is 
the  art  of  separating  and  combining  substances  which  the 
student  follows  there,  not  the  art  of  making  money.  That  edu- 
cation of  judgment  and  decision,  of  choice  of  means  for  ends, 
which  the  exigences  of  daily  practice  give,  cannot  be  imparted 

in  the  school. 
2 


1 8  professor  Raymond's  address. 

In  mechanical  engineering  the  same  principle  is  illustrated. 
The  highest  department  in  this  art  is  that  of  construction,  and 
in  this  department  the  highest  function  is  the  designing  of 
machinery.  Now  the  most  perfect  knowledge  of  the  theory  of 
a  machine  and  its  mathematical  relations,  of  the  strength  of 
materials  or  the  economical  use  of  power,  will  not  suffice  to 
qualify  a  man  to  design  a  machine  or  a  system  of  machines,  for 
the  reason  that  in  this  work  an  element  must  be  considered  not 
at  all  included  in  theoretical  knowledge — namely,  the  element 
of  economy  in  the  manufacture  as  well  as  in  the  operation  of 
the  machine.  A  machine,  any  part  of  which  requires  for  its 
manufacture  a  tool  (such,  for  instance,  as  a  peculiar  lathe)  which 
is  not  already  possessed  by  the  manufacturer,  and  which,  after 
the  construction  of  this  one  part,  would  not  be  necessary  or 
useful  for  other  work,  such  a  machine  could  not  be  profitably 
built.  In  other  words,  machines  must  be  so  designed,  in  a  large 
majority  of  cases,  as  not  to  necessitate  the  construction  of  other 
machines  to  make  them,  and  the  planning  of  machinery  so  that 
it  shall  be  at  once  economical  and  durable  in  operation  and  sim- 
ple and  cheap  in  construction  is  not  merely  an  important  inci- 
dental duty,  it  is  absolutely  the  chief  and  most  difficult  duty  of 
the  mechanical  engineer. 

But  if  you  consult,  as  I  have  done  repeatedly,  the  men  who, 
by  long  and  laborious  practice,  have  arrived  at  great  skill  and 
experience  in  any  one  of  these  professions,  in  spite  of  deficiencies 
in  early  training,  you  will  find  that  they  heartily  lament  the 
lack  of  those  opportunities  which  the  careless  student  is  so  apt 
to  undervalue  ;  that  they  spend  many  weary  hours  in  the  attempt 
to  make  good  this  lack,  and  that  they  find  themselves  restricted 
and  cut  short  in  their  success  for  want  of  that  mastery  of  gen- 
eral principles  and  of  theories  which  would  enable  them  to  rise 
higher  and  assume  wider  command.  It  is  in  school  that  we 
teach  the  student  how  to  study,  how  to  investigate,  how  to  take 
hold  of  the  problems  of  practice  as  they  rise.  We  do  not  solve 
all  these  problems  in  advance  for  him.  It  is  here  that  we  im- 
part scientific  method  and  the  knowledge  of  scientific  means 
and  manipulations.  Yonder  in  the  great  world  of  actual  life 
every  man  must  show  for  himself  what  stuff  is  in  him,  and 
wearing  the  armor  and  wielding  the  weapons  with  which  he  has 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  IQ, 

been  furnished,  he  must  conquer  or  fall  according  to  his  fortunes 
and  his  deserts. 

The  importance  of  the  different  branches  of  engineering  to 
this  country  scarcely  needs  an  argument.  Skilled  labor  and 
skill  in  the  direction  of  labor  are  still  urgently  called  for  on 
every  side.  Take  for  instance  our  mining  industry.  If  we 
begin  with  the  most  important  of  all  substances  obtained  by 
mining — namely,  coal  and  iron — what  a  spectacle  of  intense 
energy  and  rapid  development  is  presented  by  the  present  con- 
dition of  the  country !  The  immense  area  of  our  coal  fields, 
from  the  small  anthracite  deposits  of  Rhode  Island  to  the  vast 
formations  of  lignite,  that  stretch  from  the  British  line  along  the  ' 
whole  flank  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  far  into  Texas,  and,  still 
further  west,  the  deposits  of  the  Pacific  coast,  from  Alaska  to 
California,  an  aggregate  area  of  more  than  300,000  square 
miles,  resound  in  every  part  with  the  activity  of  the  miner ;  and 
our  product  of  iron  ore,  augmented  every  year  by  a  stupendous 
increase,  is  still  inadequate  to  supply  the  eager  demand  of  the 
furnace  men  and  their  facilities  for  the  manufacture  and  the 
insatiable  market  that  calls  for  all  and  more  than  all  that  we  are 
so  far  able  to  produce.  Of  other  metals  we  have  no  lack.  The 
copper  of  Lake  Superior,  Tennessee,  Virginia,  North  Carolina, 
has  been  already  the  source  of  considerable  production,  and 
these  regions  are  far  from  exhausted,  while  in  the  great  states 
and  territories  of  the  West  this  metal  is  certain  to  play  in  the 
future  an  important  part,  becoming  in  Arizona  and  Montana  at 
least,  as  it  is  already  to  some  extent  in  Colorado,  the  basis  for 
the  smelting  and  reduction  of  materials  containing  gold  and 
silver.  Zinc  is  produced  abundantly  in  many  parts  of  the 
country,  and  its  manufacture  will  doubtless  increase  with  the 
growth  of  the  market.  Nickel  is  substantially  a  monopoly, 
since  the  single  mine  in  this  State  represents  the  product  of  the 
whole  country.  Tin  is  found  in  various  places,  though  never 
thus  far  in  large  quantities  or  under  such  favorable  circumstances 
as  to  permit  its  profitable  working.  With  regard  to  lead,  it  may 
be  remarked  that  its  production  in  this  country  has  recently 
received  a  fresh  impetus  from  the  discovery  and  development 
of  the  great  deposits  of  argentiferous  ores  in  the  far  West,  so 
that  it  may  be  expected  that  the  loss  occasioned  by  the  decline 


20  PROFESSOR   RAYMONDS   ADDRESS. 

of  lead  mining  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  is  more  than  made  up 
from  these  fresh  sources.  To  these  items  already  enumerated 
I  must  add  the  great  production  of  petroleum  and  salt  in  the 
East  and  of  the  precious  metals  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the 
Inland  Basin  and  along  the  Pacific  coast. 

Now  in  the  utilization  of  all  these  natural  resources  we  are 
approaching  every  day  a  condition  of  affairs  imperatively  requir- 
ing the  assistance  of  science.  Our  coal  mines,  having  attained 
greater  depths,  show  themselves  not  less  dangerous  from  fiery 
or  noxious  gases  than  those  of  the  Old  World.  Few  problems 
are  more  difficult  than  those  which  the  mining  engineer 
encounters  in  fighting  fire  underground,  and  even  our  anthra- 
cite mines,  it  now  begins  to  appear,  will  by  no  means  be  here- 
after as  free  from  this  evil  as  they  were  in  earlier  years.  In  all 
other  kinds  of  mining,  moreover,  the  difficulty,  if  not  the  dan- 
ger, is  increased  as  operations  are  extended  under  ground.  A 
point  is  reached  in  such  an  undertaking  where  the  lack  of  skill 
and  forethought  in  opening  the  mine  makes  itself  felt  in  the 
greatly  increased  cost  of  working  it;  and  this  evil,  growing 
continually  greater,  can  only  be  remedied,  if  at  all,  by  a  reform 
in  administration,  while  it  can  be  prevented  by  the  employment 
of  proper  skill  at  the  outset.  Moreover,  as  the  mechanical  diffi- 
culties of  mining  are  increased,  the  necessity  of  machinery  for 
drainage,  ventilation  and  transportation  becomes  evident.  There 
is,  therefore,  a  natural  demand  for  persons  capable  to  plan,  erect 
and  operate  such  machinery.  Again,  the  extension  of  under- 
ground workings  necessitates  careful  instrumental  surveys.  It 
is  no  longer  possible  to  estimate  by  the  eye  the  dimensions  and 
positions  of  subterranean  works.  Complete  and  accurate  maps 
are  required  to  enable  the  miner  to  conduct  his  explorations 
and  exploitations  with  judgment  and  economy,  and  to  furnish 
him  a  trustworthy  knowledge  of  the  condition  and  resources  of 
his  mine.  Then,  too,  as  operations  advance,  the  character  of 
the  product  changes.  The  early  stages  of  mining  in  any  district 
and  in  any  country  are  usually  attended  with  considerable  reck- 
lessness and  waste,  the  losses  of  which  are  made  good  by  the 
richness  of  the  materials  mined.  The  most  promising  deposits 
are  first  attacked,  of  these  the  richest  portions  are  exclusively 
worked.      In  short,  the  cream  is  skimmed  from  the  mineral 


DEDICATION   OF   PARDEE    HALL.  21 

wealth  of  the  country,  and  it  is  not  until  this  period  has  mea- 
surably passed  away,  and  the  lesson  has  been  learned  that  a  per- 
manent industry  must  be  based  upon  the  utilization  of  that 
which  has  been  considered  worthless  hitherto,  that  the  era  of 
scientific  work  commences.  This  entails  the  necessity  of  con- 
trivances to  reduce  expenses  in  the  extraction  of  ores ;  of  eco- 
nomical methods  for  concentrating  their  bulk  and  thus  increas- 
ing their  relative  value,  and  finally,  of  new  processes  for  the 
complete  reduction  of  those  more  complicated  combinations 
which  in  the  flush  times  of  the  young  industry  were  not  treated 
at  all. 

Thus,  for  example,  in  our  coal  mines  we  are  studying  how  to 
diminish  the  waste  of  coal  caused  by  a  hasty  and  rude  extrac- 
tion, and  to  contrive  such  methods  of  mining  as  will  not  destroy 
those  narrower  and  poorer  seams  which,  for  the  present,  are  not 
worked,  and  we  are  attempting  to  make  useful  in  one  way  or 
another  vast  amounts  of  the  inevitable  refuse  which  attends  the 
extraction,  breaking,  sizing  and  shipment  of  coal. 

A  similar  problem  meets  us  in  iron  mining.  The  sudden 
expansion  of  our  iron  industry,  calling  for  more  extensive  sup- 
plies of  crude  material,  has  had  the  immediate  and  natural 
result  of  a  depreciation  of  the  quality  of  ore  furnished  by  the 
mines.  Even  from  regions  of  such  exceptional  wealth  in  this 
respect  as  Lake  Superior,  it  has  been  found  impracticable  to 
ship  ores  in  the  required  quantity  and  to  maintain  the  quality, 
at  the  same  time,  which  formerly  characterized  them.  Hence 
the  ironmasters  throughout  the  country  are  busy  with  experi- 
ments for  the  economical  treatment  of  leaner  or  more  impure 
ores  than  they  formerly  obtained.  The  great  question  of  iron 
metallurgy  to-day  may  be  said  to  be  the  production  of  a  good 
quality  of  iron  from  ores  of  a  relatively  inferior  class. 

The  metallurgy  of  gold  and  silver  presents  a  similar  spectacle. 
It  is  no  longer  by  finding  nuggets  or  by  washing  rudely  the  au- 
riferous earth  collected  in  the  eddies  of  mountain  streams  that 
the  gold  product  of  this  country  is  obtained,  but  by  the  employ- 
ment of  natural  forces  on  a  grand  scale,  sluicing  down  moun- 
tains, and  concentrating  vast  quantities  of  almost  barren  material, 
or  by  employing  the  affinities  of  other  substances  and  extracting 
the  precious  metal  by  chemical  combinations;  and  in  the  place 


22  PROFESSOR   RAYMOND  S   ADDRESS. 

of  the  earlier  and  ruder  methods  of  silver  extraction  we  are 
adopting  more  perfect  mechanical  concentration,  chemical  de- 
composition, and  the  complicated  reactions  of  the  shaft,  furnace, 
and  reverberatory. 

But  it  is  not  only  in  the  production  of  the  simple  metals  that 
this  condition  may  be  observed.  In  all  the  manufactures  based 
upon  the  mineral  products,  the  same  tendency  is  manifest.  Some 
one  has  well  said  that  the  utilization  of  refuse  is  the  measure  of 
civilization.  That  which  the  alchemists  sought  in  vain,  their 
descendants  are  finding  step  by  step — the  Philosopher's  Stone, 
which  will  turn  the  most  despised  substances  to  gold.  The 
illustrations  of  this  are  innumerable.  I  must  be  content  with 
one  or  two. 

Few  forms  of  refuse  were  more  troublesome  to  dispose  of,  a 
few  years  ago,  than  the  coal-tar  which  accumulates  in  the  manu- 
facture of  gas.  At  first,  it  was  used  only  as  a  rude  kind  of  paint 
for  iron,  etc.  Afterward,  it  was  distilled,  and  yielded  a  volatile 
oil,  with  which  Bethel  impregnated  wood  to  preserve  it  from 
decay.  Then  it  was  found  that  one  of  the  distillates  was  «a  good 
material  for  removing  stains  and  spots  from  cloth.  But  all  these 
applications  were  inadequate  to  dispose  of  the  great  quantities 
of  tar  that  accumulated.  Then  came  the  grand  discovery  of 
aniline,  enriching  the  world  with  new  and  brilliant  colors ;  and 
now  even  the  refuse  of  the  aniline  manufacture  yields  anthracene 
and  alizarine,  the  artificial  madder,  the  discovery  of  which  is  one 
of  the  most  important  events  of  the  day,  revolutionizing  a  great 
industry,  and  completely  annihilating  a  branch  of  agriculture,  to 
supply  its  place  with  a  manufacture  less  expensive  of  labor,  and 
hence  in  the  end  more  beneficial  to  man.  So  now  we  have 
swarthy  tars  on  the  forecastle  and  radiant  tars  on  the  prom- 
enade deck.  The  black  and  ugly  substance  that  was  so  long 
despised  has  taken  wings  of  beauty  and  is  admired  of  all  men. 
It  was  an  angel  in  disguise. 

Another  curious  instance  is  the  new  manufacture  of  crayons 
from  the  gypsum  which  is  left  after  making  soda-water,  and  the 
calcareous  slime  constituting  the  refuse  of  the  soap  factory. 
What  we  call  chalk  and  use  on  the  blackboard  is  in  most  cases 
not  chalk,  but  largely  gypsum.  But  time  would  fail  me  to  re- 
count the  numerous  applications  of  science  in  the  utilization  of 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE    HALL.  23 

waste  material.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  most  promising  field  for 
making  money  in  the  present  day ;  and  after  the  explanations 
already  given,  you  will  understand  that  I  mean  to  say  it  is  a 
promising  field  for  undertakings  beneficial  to  society.  And  it 
calls  loudly  for  workmen — not  for  professional  inventors ;  that 
is,  mere  guessers  and  vague  experimenters,  but  experts,  who, 
knowing  their  ground,  and  divining  truly  what  needs  to  be  in- 
vented or  improved,  will  advance  with  sure  and  safe  steps. 

I  cannot  pause  to  speak  at  length  of  the  opportunities  offered 
in  mechanical,  civil,  and  railway  engineering  and  architecture. 
There  is  an  army  of  men  already  employed  in  these  professions  ; 
but  it  needs  recruits,  and  the  service  is  one  in  which  merit  finds 
room  to  rise. 

In  all  these  occupations  of  which  I  have  been  speaking,  there 
is  a  demand  for  thorough,  trained,  practiced,  skillful  men.  There 
is  no  royal  road  to  success  in  them ;  but  there  is  a  sure  road, 
that  begins  here,  in  faithful  study  and  preparati  Dn.  The  moral 
element  of  this  preparation  is  not  less  important  than  the  intel- 
lectual. One  of  the  leading  engineers  of  the  United  States  said 
to  me  the  other  day,  "  When  I  wish  competent  agents  to  super- 
intend works  for  which  I  am  responsible,  my  greatest  difficulty  is 
to  get  good  men.  I  can  find  twenty  who  know  enough  for  every 
one  whom  I  can  certainly  trust."  Uprightness,  virtue,  Christian 
manhood,  these  are  sure  to  tell  in  the  life- career.  I  cannot  but 
deem  it  a  peculiar  advantage  of  Lafayette  College  as  a  place  of 
preparation,  that  it  is  measurably  removed  from  the  excitement, 
distractions,  and  temptations  of  great  cities ;  that  the  moral  and 
religious  influences  of  the  place  are  like  the  skies  that  bend  and 
the  breezes  that  blow  over  it,  pure  and  healthful. 

Before  I  close,  let  me  appeal  to  young  men  to  throw  away 
finally  and  for  ever  the  notion  of  the  superiority  of  the  so-called 
learned  professions  in  point  of  respectability  over  the  calling  of 
the  mechanic  or  the  engineer.  George  Fritz  of  Cambria,  whom 
many  of  you  knew,  and  whose  recent  loss  you  do  not  cease  to 
mourn,  lived  as  useful  a  life,  and  died  as  much  honored  and  re- 
gretted by  his  fellow-citizens,  as  if  he  had  been  an  orator  or  a 
statesman.  What  he  accomplished  by  patient  ingenuity  for  the 
art  to  which  he  devoted  himself  gave  him  as  good  a  title  to  fame 
as  that  of  the  proudest  savant.     I  do  not  say  that  those  who  feel 


24  PROFESSOR   RAYMONDS   ADDRESS. 

called  by  inward  fitness  or  by  outward  intimations  of  Providence 
to  become  lawyers,  physicians,  or  even  philosophers,  should  not 
follow  the  call ;  but  in  the  name  of  manhood,  do  not  choose  any 
one  of  these,  still  less  the  army,  and  least  of  all  the  pulpit,  be^ 
cause  you  think  it  is  "respectable!" 

I  must  protest  also  against  the  strange  delusion  that  carries 
so  many  young  men  into  trade — the  delusion  that  fortunes  are 
more  easily  accumulated  in  this  than  in  other  lines  of  life.  The 
statistics  are  against  this  assumption.  By  far  the  larger  part  of 
our  merchants  go  into  bankruptcy  and  have  to  begin  anew,  or 
change  their  occupation  altogether.  Thousands  of  young  men 
are  found  in  New  York  every  winter  almost  starving  for  want 
of  work,  who  cannot  do  anything  but  keep  books  or  run  a  com- 
mission business,  or  sell  ribbons  over  a  counter.  Trade  is  hon- 
orable, when  honorably  conducted  ;  but  it  is  just  now  overdone. 
We  have  too  many  middlemen  between  the  producer  and  the 
consumer;  and  the  young  man  who,  without  special  fitness  or 
reasonable  prospects  of  promotion,  blindly  goes  into  mercantile 
life,  is  foolishly  swelling  the  ranks  of  an  overpopulated  class. 

But  what  shall  I  say,  then,  of  the  strange  furore  to  go  into 
Wall  street  "  and  operate  "?  The  legitimate  business  of  finance, 
exchange,  banking,  etc.,  is  absolutely  essential  to  industry.  Far 
be  it  from  me  to  undervalue  it  or  its  honest  representatives.  But 
the  desire  of  getting  rich  suddenly  by  speculation — of  getting 
money,  not  making  money — that  is,  creating  or  producing  value ; 
of  living  by  the  wits,  not  the  earnest  labor  of  mind  and  hand — 
this  is  a  temptation  of  Satan.  And  here,  too,  the  inexorable 
statistics  show  the  folly  of  the  gambler's  hopes.  Thousands  of 
so-called  "  country  customers  "  go  into  Wall  street  every  year 
with  small  capital  which  they  mean  to  multiply.  Six  months 
is  longer  than  the  average  career  of  these  adventurers.  Their 
little  fortunes  pay  the  expenses  of  the  keener  speculators.  And 
even  of  the  few  who,  after  years  of  debasing  practice,  at  last  be- 
come skillful  operators,  how  many  really  carry  after  all  as  much 
money  as  their  trouble,  anxiety,  and  slavery  of  labor  has  been 
worth  ?  Every  year  there  is  a  new  king  of  the  street,  who  in 
many  cases  comes  to  the  throne  like  an  Oriental  usurper,  by 
treacherously  killing  his  predecessor. 

These  are  times,  my  friends,  that  preach  loudly  the  instability 


DEDICATION   OF  PARDEE   HALL.  25 

of  riches.  When  panic  shakes  the  market  and  the  exchange, 
and  values  shrink,  and  great  houses  fall  to  pieces,  carrying  down 
all  who  trusted  in  them,  the  man  who  is  serenest  and  most  safe 
is  he  who  carries  a  reserve  of  capital  in  his  brain  and  hand,  and 
who  can  say,  "  Come  what  may,  while  I  have  this  knowledge 
and  skill  that  men  require,  I  shall  not  be  utterly  cast  down." 

For  the  sake  of  your  success  and  your  manhood,  young  man, 
lay  broad  the  foundations  of  education  ;  do  not  be  afraid  of  learn- 
ing too  much,  or  of  preparing  thoroughly  for  your  life's  career. 
And,  whatever  that  career  is  to  be,  remember  that  you  cannot 
safely  be  ignorant  of  the  great  facts  of  science  and  its  applica- 
tions in  human  industry.  This  knowledge  will  be  ranked  hence- 
forward among  the  necessary  elements  of  a  liberal  education. 
And  if  you  are  drawn,  as  I  think  active  and  healthy  minds  can- 
not fail  to  be,  to  the  practice  of  some  useful  art,  we  hold  out  our 
hands  of  welcome  to  you,  and  offer  you  an  initiation  into  the 
mysteries  which  you  must  thereafter  explore  alone.  You  will 
be  rewarded  at  every  step,  if  you  advance  in  the  scientific  and 
humane,  not  the  drudging  and  greedy  spirit ;  and  you  will  find 
yourself  in  the  line  of  deserved  wealth  and  honor.  To  this  use- 
ful application  of  scientific  truth,  to  this  true  Art  of  Making 
Money,  we  dedicate  this  edifice,  in  itself  a  glorious  illustration 
of  the  true  Art  of  Using  Money,  trusting  that  the  purposes  and 
labors  of  the  Department  this  day  transferred  to  it  may  ever 
deserve  the  applause  of  man  and  the  prospering  favor  of 
Almighty  God. 


APPENDIX 


The  following  report  of  the  general  proceedings  of  the  day  is 
taken  from  the  Easton  Daily  Free  Press  of  October  22  : 

The  vicinity  of  the  college  yesterday  morning  presented  a  busy 
scene.  Some  preparations  were  yet  to  be  completed  about  the  new 
building.  At  an  early  hour  visitors  began  to  arrive,  and  strange  faces 
were  seen  in  every  part  of  the  grounds.  The  students  felt  the  im- 
portance of  the  occasion,  and  determined  that  the  day  should  not  lack 
in  being  honored  through  any  want  of  enthusiasm  on  their  part.  At 
ten  o'clock  the  college  bell  was  rung,  and  according  to  the  arrange- 
ments, the  different  bodies  who  were  to  take  part  in  the  procession 
formed  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  chapel.  The  different  classes, 
under  the  direction  of  their  marshals,  occupied  the  portion  of  the  road 
immediately  north  of  the  chapel.  They  were  gay  in  the  colors  of 
their  respective  classes  and  appropriate  badges,  and  impatiently  awaited 
the  time  when  the  procession  should  move.  The  Synod  of  Philadel- 
phia, which  had  left  Philadelphia  early  in  the  morning  in  a  special 
train,  arrived  about  ten  o'clock,  and  in  a  body  marched  up  College 
Hill.  The  trains  on  the  New  Jersey  railroads  also  brought  large 
numbers  of  the  members  of  the  Synod  of  New  Jersey,  who  at  once 
proceeded  to  the  centre  of  attraction — the  grounds  of  the  college. 
Many  distinguished  men  and  scholars,  representatives  of  other  insti- 
tutions, were  present. 

The  procession  was  at  last  formed  under  the  direction  of  Professor 
Youngman,  the  college  marshal,  and  headed  by  a  band  of  music, 
moved  toward  the  new  building.     It  was  composed  as  follows  : 

The  officers  of  the  college  classes  as  escort. 

The  orator  of  the  day  with  the  president  of  the  faculty. 

The  governor  of  Pennsylvania  with  other  officials. 

The  present  and  former  trustees  of  the  college  with  trustees  of  other 
colleges. 

Present  and  former  members  of  the  faculty  with  representatives  from 
sister  institutions. 

The  clergy  and  other  specially  invited  guests,  including  the  Amer- 
ican Institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 

Alumni  in  order  of  their  graduation  with  former  students  of  the 
college  who  did  not  take  their  degrees. 
26 


DEDICATION  OF  PARDEE  HALL.  2J 

Citizens  of  Easton. 

Undergraduates  of  the  college. 

A  dense  crowd  had  already  gathered  about  Pardee  Hall.  The  dif- 
ferent floors  were  thronged  with  crowds  of  visitors,  and  the  galleries 
which  had  been  thrown  open  to  the  public  at  ten  o'clock  were  already 
completely  filled,  the  ladies  occupying  a  majority  of  the  seats.  When 
the  procession  reached  the  building,  it  parted  right  and  left  up  the 
staircases  on  either  side  of  the  corridor,  and  thus  entered  the  spacious 
auditorium.  It  was  not  long  before  the  large  room  was  densely 
crowded.  The  bands  of  music  were  stationed  in  the  music  gallery, 
directly  over  the  platform,  and  discoursed  sweet  strains  at  different 
stages  of  the  proceedings.  A  large  platform  had  been  erected  in  the 
front,  and  on  this  were  seated  President  Cattell,  Ex-Governor  Pol- 
lock, Mr.  Pardee,  Governor  Hartranft,  a  number  of  the  trustees  of 
the  college,  and  distinguished  visitors  from  abroad.  Among  these 
were  President  Barnard,  of  Columbia  College ;  Rev.  Dr.  McGill,  of 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary;  Selden  T.  Scranton,  of  Oxford, 
N.  J.  ;  President  Coppee,  of  Lehigh  University ;  Prof.  T.  Sterry 
Hunt,  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology ;  Prof.  Meyer,  of 
Stevens  Institute,  Hoboken ;  Prof.  Johnson,  of  Yale;  Prof.  Hillman, 
of  Dickinson;  President  Muhlenberg;  George  Musgrave,  D.  D., 
LL.D. ;  Rev.  J.  S.  Woodside,  from  India;  Rev.  Dr.  Miller,  moder- 
ator of  the  Synod  of  New  Jersey  ;  Rev.  Dr.  W.  O.  Johnstone ;  Presi- 
dent Magill,  of  Swarthmore. 

The  exercises  began  with  an  invocation  by  President  Cattell,  who 
afterward  introduced  to  the  audience  the  orator  of  the  day,  Professor 
Rossiter  W.  Raymond,  a  member  of  the  college  faculty,  United  States 
Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistics,  and  president  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Professor  Raymond's  eloquent  address,  which 
was  listened  to  with  great  interest  on  the  part  of  those  present  and 
interrupted  by  frequent  bursts  of  applause,  Professor  Barlow,  in  whose 
charge  the  preparations  for  the  collation  had  been  placed,  announced 
that  the  tables  had  been  spread  in  the  large  laboratories  on  the  fourth 
and  fifth  floors  of  the  building.  There  was  room  for  six  hundred, 
and  that  number  would  be  admitted  to  the  rooms  in  the  order  of  the 
procession,  while  the  others  would  be  served  at  successive  tables. 

The  spacious  laboratories  had  been  turned  into  banqueting  halls, 
and  long  lines  of  tables  groaned  beneath  the  substantial  viands  pro- 
vided.    Beautiful  bouquets  of  flowers  adorned  the  rooms. 

The  streets  of  Easton  had  presented  a  busy  spectacle  all  the  morn- 
ing.    The  different  trains  brought  hundreds  of  visitors,  and  a  con- 


28  APPENDIX. 

stant  stream  of  people  flowed  toward  College  Hill.  Bands  of  music 
paraded  the  streets,  stopping  often  before  the  Free  Press  office  to 
tender  the  compliment  of  a  serenade.  In  the  afternoon  business 
was  entirely  suspended.  Every  store  was  closed,  the  noise  of  the 
factory  had  ceased,  quiet  brooded  over  the  workshop.  The  mer- 
chant had  left  his  counter,  the  mechanic  had  doffed  his  apron,  the 
lawyer  had  thrown  aside  his  brief,  and  all  united  to  honor  the  day. 
There  has  not  been  an  occasion  for  years  in  which  our  citizens  have 
joined  with  such  universal  interest. 

Soon  after  one  o'clock  the  different  organizations,  which  were  to 
take  part  in  the  parade  of  the  afternoon,  were  moving  through  the 
streets  of  the  town.  All  the  civic  societies  were  represented,  and 
South  Easton  and  Phillipsburg  sent  their  organizations.  Under  the 
direction  of  the  Chief  Marshal,  George  M.  Reeder,  Esq.,  the  line 
was  formed  on  South  Third  street,  the  right  resting  on  Centre  Square. 
It  moved  in  the  following  order : 

Chief  Marshal,  George  M.  Reeder,  with  Assistant  Marshals,  Messrs. 

Joseph  S.  Osterstock,  J.  N.  Thatcher,  John  Bacon  and  Adam 

Drinkhouse,  mounted  on  gayly  caparisoned  steeds. 

Platoon  of  police. 

Easton  Cornet  Band. 

Easton  Grays,  under  command  of  Captain  Frank  Reeder. 

Members  of  Fifty-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  under  command  of 

Captain  Daniel  L.  Nicholas. 

Bell  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  under  command  of  Samuel  Lesher,  S.  V.  C. 

Columbia  Council,  O.  U.  A.  M.,  John  M.  Phillips,  Marshal. 

Excelsior  Council,  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.,  Howard  Bitters,  Marshal. 

Bath  Cornet  Band. 

Fatherland  Lodge,  I.  O.  of  O.  F.,  Joseph  Fladd,  Marshal. 

Peace  and  Plenty,  Lehicton  and  Elon  Lodges,  I.  O.  of  O.   F.,  A. 

Laubach,  Marshal. 

Washington  Camp,  P.  O.  S.  of  A.,  G.  Heller,  Marshal. 

Druids  of  Easton,  H.  HorTmier,  Marshal. 

Knights  of  Pythias  of  Easton,  J.  Deichman,  Marshal. 

Teedyuscung  Tribe,  I.  O.  of  R.  M.,  of  Phillipsburg,  S.  Vanorman, 

Marshal. 

Saranac  Tribe,  I.  O.  of  R.  M.,  of  Easton,  T.  Coyle,  Marshal. 

Emerald  Society,  M.  J.  Levan,  Marshal. 

German  Mechanics,  John  Newbrand,  Marshal. 

Governor  John  F.  Hartranft,  Auditor-General  Harrison  Allen  and 

Chief  Burgess  A.  B.  Howell,  in  a  carriage  drawn  by  four  horses. 


DEDICATION    OF   PARDEE    HALL.  20, 

Nazareth  Band. 
Town  Councils  of  Easton,  South  Easton  and  Phillipsburg, 
School  Board  of  Easton. 
Easton  High  School. 
Ringgold  Band,  of  Reading. 
Chief  Engineer  James  Ward  and  assistants. 
Humane  Fire  Company,  No.  1,  with  carriage. 
Washington  Fire  Company,  No.  3,  with  steamer  drawn  by  four  horses. 
Keystone  Fire  Company,  No.  5,  with  steamer  drawn  by  four  horses. 
Lafayette  Fire  Company,  No.  6,  with  carriage. 
Citizens  in  carriages. 
The  procession  was  the  finest  and  most  imposing  that  has  appeared 
in  the  streets  of  Easton  for  years.     It  was  over  a  mile  in  length,  and, 
gay  with  flags  and  banners,  was  a  chief  feature  of  the  outward  dis- 
play of  the  day.     The  governor  of  Pennsylvania  was  greeted  with 
cheers  along  the  route  of  the  parade.     The  pupils  of  the  High  School 
carried  a  banner  especially  gotten  up  for  the  occasion.     The  splen- 
did flag  of  Excelsior  Council  attracted  attention.     The  Fire  Depart- 
ment,   with    engines    and    carriages,    presented,    as    usual,    a   fine 
appearance. 

The  procession  moved  over  a  short  route  through  the  streets  of 
Easton,  as  had  been  previously  announced,  and  then  marched  over 
the  Bushkill  bridge  and  up  the  road  to  the  college  grounds.  At  dif- 
ferent points  on  the  hill  crowds  of  people  were  gathered  to  witness 
the  approach  of  the  procession.  From  some  favored  points  a  view 
of  the  whole  line  of  marching  men,  with  flags  and  ensigns  and 
regalia,  could  be  obtained.  After  the  head  of  the  line  had  arrived 
upon  College  Hill  the  procession  could  still  be  seen  moving  down 
from  the  foot  of  Third  street. 

Over  the  gate  leading  into  the  college  grounds,  the  Lafayette  Fire 
Company  had  erected  an  arch  trimmed  with  evergreens  and  flowers. 
It  bore  in  large  letters,  the  names 

LAFAYETTE— PARDEE. 
Upon  the  bases  on  which  it  rested  were  the  words, 
JUNKIN,  1832.     CATTELL,  1873. 
Some  verses  of  Scripture  were  inscribed  on  the  keystone  of  the  arch, 
the  17th,  18th  and  19th  of  the  sixth  chapter  of  1  Timothy. 

All  the  afternoon  crowds  of  people  had  been  pouring  up  College 
Hill.  They  crowded  Jenks'  Hall,  they  filled  the  new  building,  and 
were  scattered  over  the  campus.  The  crowd  around  Pardee  Hall 
was  numbered  by  thousands.     A  procession  had  been  formed  at  the 


30  APPENDIX. 

College  Chapel  of  the  undergraduates,  the  Faculty  and!  the  Trustees 
of  the  college.  At  its  head,  side  by  side,  walked  President  Cattell 
and  Mr.  Pardee.  It  moved  toward  the  entrance  of  the  college 
grounds,  where  it  met  the  procession  from  town,  and  escorted  it 
through  the  college  grounds.  The  procession  moved  around  Pardee 
Hall,  and  halted  at  the  front  of  the  building.  President  Cattell,  Mr. 
Pardee  and  the  distinguished  guests  advanced  to  the  elevated  plateau 
immediately  in  front  of  the  entrance,  while  the  procession  from  town 
passed  in  review.  An  immense  assemblage  had  now  gathered  about 
the  front  of  the  building.  vrhe  balconies  and  windows  of  the  edifice 
were  filled  with  ladies  and  gentlemen,  as  were  also  those  of  the 
adjoining  college  buildings. 

As  soon  as  quiet  was  restored,  the  simple  ceremonies  of  delivering 
over  the  building  into  the  possession  of  the  college  authorities  began. 
Mr.  Pardee,  in  a  modest  address,  handed  over  the  keys  to  President 
Cattell.     He  said : 

The  completion  of  this  building  makes  it  my  very  pleasant  duty, 
on  behalf  of  the  Building  Committee,  and  myself  as  the  donor,  to 
formally  present  it  to  you,  as  the  representative  of  the  Trustees  and 
Faculty  of  Lafayette.  The  building  itself  speaks  of  the  skill  and 
taste  of  the  architect,  the  faithfulness  of  the  builder,  and  the  care 
with  which  it  has  been  supervised  during  its  erection.  Our  respon- 
sibilities have  not  been  small;  but  on  you,  sir,  and  on  the  students 
who  shall  go  out,  year  by  year,  from  these  halls,  rests  a  far  larger 
responsibility— the  reputation  of  the  institution.  But,  looking  to  the 
future  by  the  light  of  the  past,  we  rest  the  responsibility  on  you  with 
no  misgiving.  I  have  the  honor,  sir,  of  now  presenting  you  with 
the  keys  of  the  hall. 

After  the  tumultuous  cheering  that  greeted  Mr.  Pardee  had  ceased, 
President  Cattell  responded  as  follows : 

In  receiving  from  you  the  keys  of  the  building  for  the  scientific  de- 
partment of  the  college  which  you  have  so  munificently  endowed,  I 
can  find  no  words  adequate  to  express  my  own  thanks,  or  the  thanks 
of  my  colleagues  in  the  faculty,  for  this  grand  addition  to  their  means 
of  attractive  and  thorough  teaching  and  of  their  own  scientific  re- 
searches, or  the  thanks  of  the  trustees  and  patrons  and  friends  of  the 
college,  alike  interested  in  her  welfare,  or  the  thanks  of  all  friends  of 
education  who  see  in  such  a  large  and  unselfish  use  of  wealth  for  the 
benefit  of  mankind  the  noblest  use  to  which  it  can  be  applied.  And 
I  know  you,  sir,  so  well,  that  I  am  sure  the  less  I  say  to  you  on  an 
occasion  so  public,  the  better  you  will  be  pleased.  I  shall,  therefore, 
only  assure  you  that  our  hearts  are  full  of  gratitude  for  your  munifi- 


DEDICATION    OF    PARDEE   HALL.  3 1 

cent  gift  and  for  your  wise  and  judicious  counsels  under  which  the 
college  has  grown  and  prospered,  and  that  we  and  our  children  will 
not  cease  to  cherish  and  honor  your  memory,  and  that  our  heartfelt 
prayer  to  the  Giver  of  every  good  and  perfect  gift  is  for  His  richest 
blessings  to  rest  ever  upon  you  and  yours. 

The  whole  assembly,  with  one  voice,  then  united  in  singing  the 
Doxology,  " Praise  God,  from  whom  all  blessings  flow."  When  the 
last  echo  of  the  grand  old  hymn  had  died  away  upon  the  air,  the  ven- 
erable Dr.  Coleman,  professor  of  Latin  in  the  college,  invoked  the 
blessing  of  God  upon  the  institution  and  the  man  who  had  so  munifi- 
cently endowed  it. 

Ex-Governor  Pollock  then  introduced  Governor  Hartranft,  who 
was  greeted  with  loud  cheers.  The  governor  thought  that  this  was  a 
proud  day  for  Easton  and  the  college.  It  was  a  proud  day  for  him 
to  be  present  and  see  the  keys  handed  over  by  his  liberal-hearted 
friend  Mr.  Pardee  to  the  president  of  the  college.  He  had  not  had 
the  pleasure  of  close  association  with  the  college,  but  from  what  he 
had  seen  of  President  Cattell,  his  executive  ability,  his  energy  and  his 
enterprise,  he  was  satisfied  that  the  magnificent  gift  of  Mr.  Pardee  had 
fallen  in  good  hands.  He  spoke  at  length  of  the  necessity  of  a  scien- 
tific education.  He  advised  young  men  not  to  go  forward  too  rapidly 
in  life,  and  to  select  their  professions  with  care.  If  there  were  more 
men  in  active  life  of  the  character  of  Mr.  Pardee  the  world  would  be 
better.  The  donor  of  the  hall  had  unconsciously  erected  a  monu- 
ment to  himself  which  would  endure  throughout  time. 

The  next  speaker  was  Edward  H.  Green,  Esq.,  president  of  the 
borough  council  of  Easton,  who  was  warmly  greeted.  He  said  he  was 
not  a  public  speaker,  and  if  he  were,  he  would  not  detain  .the  vast 
assemblage  at  this  time  with  any  extended  remarks.  He  would  simply 
say  that,  on  behalf  of  the  citizens  of  Easton,  he  would  congratulate 
the  college  on  the  princely  gift  they  had  received  that  day  from  Mr. 
Pardee. 

He  was  followed  by  Major  A.  B.  Howell,  chief  burgess  of  Easton. 
He  said  that  to  him  this  was  a  double  pleasure.  He  felt  a  profound 
interest  in  the  occasion,  both  as  a  graduate  of  the  institution  and  as 
a  citizen  of  Easton.  He  rejoiced  that  the  college  had  been  founded 
in  our  midst,  not  simply  on  account  of  the  material  advantages,  but 
for  the  educational,  literary,  and  religious  influences  that  flowed  from 
her.  The  college  held  out  before  all  men  the  maxim,  "The  fear  of 
the  Lord  is  the  beginning  of  wisdom."  We  dedicate  this  building 
to-day.     We  hope  that  these  halls  may  send  forth  men  who,  by  their 


32 


APPENDIX. 


living  and  dying,  may  prove  that  this  trust  was  committed  to  a  worthy 
charge.     (Great  applause.) 

Mr.  Edward  F.  Stewart,  president  of  the  Easton  board  of  control, 
next  appeared  before  the  audience.  He  stood  here  as  a  representa- 
tive of  the  college,  being  an  early  graduate.  But  he  represented  more 
directly  the  public  school  system.  It  had  been  said  that  there  was  a 
connection  between  the  public  school  system  and  the  college.  He 
thought  that  this  was  so.  It  was  thought  that  education  was  only  fit 
for  professional  men.  In  a  country  like  this  it  was  especially  essen- 
tial that  every  man  should  at  least  have  the  elements  of  an  education. 
A  great  republic  could  only  be  sustained  by  the  intelligence  of  its 
people.  The  workman  might  not  be  better  qualified  to  drive  the 
plow  or  wield  the  hammer,  but  he  would  represent  manhood.  (Con- 
tinued cheering.) 

A  short  and  stirring  address  followed  from  Ex-Governor  Pollock, 
who  said  that  he  was  never  so  inspired  before  to  battle  in  the  cause 
of  education  as  he  had  been  to-day. 

The  addresses  in  the  open  air  were  then  brought  to  a  close  with  the 
announcement  that  they  would  be  resumed  in  the  lecture  hall  of  the 
building.  The  procession  was  then  re-formed  and  took  up  the  line 
of  march  for  the  town  again.  The  auditorium  was  found  to  be  already 
occupied,  and  but  a  tithe  of  the  multitude  could  gain  access.  It  was 
with  difficulty  that  the  speakers  and  specially  invited  guests  could 
reach  the  platform. 

Prof.  J.  P.  Wickersham,  LL.D.,  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion in  Pennsylvania,  was  the  first  speaker. 

He  came  here  to  show  the  sympathy  of  the  public  school  system 
of  Pennsylvania  with  the  good  work  that  was  being  done  in  Lafayette 
College.  The  building  that  they  dedicated  to-day  was  a  proud  monu- 
ment to  its  founder.  It  was  a  monument  that  would  outlast  the  royal 
families  of  Egypt.  They  builded  pyramids  that  would  crumble  to 
the  dust,  but  this  monument  would  reach  to  the  skies,  ay,  even  be- 
yond the  skies.  Personally,  too,  he  was  proud  that  this  building  had 
been  erected  here.  Fifteen  years  ago  he  had  ascended  the  hill  and 
viewed  Lafayette  College.  To-day  he  felt  that  there  had  been  a 
wondrous  change,  and  all  honor  should  be  ascribed  to  the  man  who 
had  been  at  the  head  of  the  institution  for  the  last  ten  years.  At  La- 
fayette a  reconciliation  had  been  effected  between  colleges  and  the 
public  school  system  of  instruction.  He  formerly  had  to  complain 
that  the  college  men  of  Pennsylvania  had  stood  aloof  from  common 
schools.  But  he  found  the  president  and  professors  of  Lafayette 
mingling  with  the  common  school  teachers  and  taking  them  by  the 


DEDICATION   OF    PARDEE    HALL.  33 

hand,  visiting  State  associations,  and  taking  part  in  teachers'  insti- 
tutes. It  was  one  reason  why  the  institution  had  recently  experienced 
such  wonderful  prosperity. 

Several  speakers  followed  each  other  in  short,  enthusiastic  addresses, 
and  the  exercises  were  kept  up  until  the  evening  shadows  darkened 
the  room.  Among  the  speakers  were  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Harris 
Jones,  president  of  Trevica  College,  South  Wales,  and  Rev.  Dr. 
Robert  Knox,  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  delegates  to  the  Evangelical  Alli- 
ance recently  held  in  New  York.  Dr.  Knox  referred  to  the  fact  that 
a  former  student  of  Lafayette,  Rev.  Robert  Watts,  D.  D.,  was  a  dis- 
tinguished professor  of  theology  in  an  Ireland  college.  Hon.  B.  G. 
Northrup,  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Board  of  Education,  expressed 
the  conviction  that  such  courses  of  technical  study  as  were  afforded 
at  Lafayette,  with  all  the  apparatus  and  other  appliances  offered  by 
the  noble  building  in  which  they  were  met,  would  soon  do  away  with 
the  necessity  of  our  young  men  going  abroad  for  technical  education. 
He  also  expressed  his  delight  at  the  cordial  and  enthusiastic  feeling 
exhibited  by  the  citizens  of  Easton  toward  the  college.  It  was  a  rare 
sight,  the  silent  and  deserted  town  beneath  them,  all  business  sus- 
pended, and  the  whole  populace  poured  forth  to  greet  the  college  on 
this  glad  day  !  Gownsmen  and  townsmen  rejoiced  together  !  Hon. 
Heister  Clymer,  of  Reading,  Pa.,  made  a  brief  but  eloquent  address. 
Rev.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Robinson,  of  New  York,  spoke  in  his  usual 
felicitous  manner.  Dr.  N.  J.  Woeikof,  secretary  of  the  Meteorolog- 
ical Committee  of  the  Imperial  Geographical  Society  of  Russia,  who 
had  come  to  the  college  to  visit  the  lamented  Dr.  Coffin,  gave  his 
tribute  to  the  extended  learning  and  great  usefulness  of  Lafayette's 
deceased  professor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy. 

In  introducing  Ashbel  Welch,  of  New  Jersey,  the  distinguished 
civil  engineer,  and  member  of  the  board  of  examiners  for  the  Pardee 
scientific  department  (who  made  a  short  but  excellent  address), 
President  Cattell  gave  a  brief  historical  sketch.  He  said  that  one 
day,  about  forty  years  ago,-  a  young  lad  was  plowing  in  his  father's 
fields  in  Rensselaer  county,  in  New  York,  when  he  received  a  letter. 
He  opened  it,  and  found  the  offer  of  a  position  as  rodman,  down  in 
New  Jersey,  with  Mr.  Welch.  He  left  home  to  take  it  the  very  next 
day,  bringing  with  him  the  fortunes  of  Lafayette !  He  (Ario  Par- 
dee) came  to  this  valley  about  the  time  the  college  was  started.  The 
speaker  told  of  the  unostentatious  way  in  which  the  first  gift  of  $20,000 
was  put  in  his  hands  in  1864,  which  was  followed  by  still  larger 
sums,  from  time  to  time,  as  successive  additions  were  made  to  the 
Scientific  Department,  until  the  amount  given  by  Mr.  Pardee  was 


34  APPENDIX. 

nearly  half  a  million.  He  also  spoke  of  his  valuable  service  as  a 
trustee,  in  which  capacity  he  had  shown  great  delicacy  in  always 
refraining  from  giving  any  sign  of  the  great  indebtedness  of  the  insti- 
tution to  him.  He  closed  with  the  remark  that  his  heart  was  too  full 
to  speak  of  the  respect  and  love  he  felt  for  him. 

Rev.  E.  Ferrier,  president  of  the  alumni  society,  was  called  upon 
to  respond  for  the  alumni  of  Lafayette,  and  President  Gilman,  of 
the  University  of  California,  for  the  educational  institutions  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  but  the  audience  did  not  have  the  pleasure  of  listening 
to  these  gentlemen,  as  the  lateness  of  the  hour  had  compelled  them  to 
leave.    President  Gilman  left  a  note  for  Dr.  Cattell,  in  which  he  said  : 

"...  Let  me  give  you  in  script  the  congratulations  which  the  crowd  prevented 
me  from  giving  by  mouth.  Never  saw  I  such  an  amount  of  popular  interest  in  a 
college;  never  so  much  sound  theology  in  applause  at  so  much  sound  science  as 
Dr.  Raymond  uttered.  Verily  it  seemed,  when  you  brought  together  a  Westmin- 
ster Synod  and  an  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  as  if  righteousness  and  truth  had 
kissed  each  other!" 

To  a  toast  to  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  David 
Thomas,  of  Catasauqua,  its  first  President  and  the  Nestor  of  practi- 
cal science  in  the  Lehigh  Valley,  was  called  upon  to  respond.  He 
had  been  compelled  to  leave  the  room  before  this  stage  of  the  exer- 
cises was  reached,  and  the  audience,  by  a  unanimous  and  enthusiastic 
vote,  expressed  their  wish  that  Mr.  Thomas  would  print  the  remarks 
he  would  have  made  had  he  been  present. 

Among  numerous  letters  and  telegrams,  some  from  distinguished 
men  and  celebrated  scholars,  regretting  their  inability  to  be  present, 
and  others  from  sister  colleges  sending  their  greetings,  a  letter  was 
read  from  Prof.  Henry,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  in  which  the 
great  loss  to  the  world  by  the  death  of  the  late  Professor  Coffin  was 
alluded  to  in  touching  terms. 

The  long  metre  doxology  was  sung,  and  at  dusk  the  exercises  were 
closed  with  the  benediction  by  Rev.  Dr..  Hunt. 

College  Hill  was  gayer  last  night  than  it  has  ever  been  before. 
The  buildings  were  brilliantly  illuminated.  Lights  flashed  across  the 
campus,  and  the  brilliant  rays  from  lamps,  stationed  here  and  there, 
made  the  winding  path  up  the  hill  a  pleasant  walk.  Pardee  Hall, 
with  its  numerous  windows,  presented  a  brilliant  appearance.  The 
auditorium,  and,  indeed,  the  whole  building,  was  filled  by  a  throng 
of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  who  were  there  to  offer  their  congratulations 
to  Mr.  Pardee  and  President  Cattell.  The  brilliant  uniforms  of  the 
Eastdn  Greys  added  much  to  the  poetry  of  the  occasion.     The  Easton 


DEDICATION    OF   PARDEE    HALL.  35 

Band  and  the  Ringgold  Band,  of  Reading,  were  stationed,  one  on 
the  platform  and  the  other  in  the  music  gallery  of  the  auditorium, 
and  discoursed  enlivening  strains  throughout  the  evening.  The 
assemblage  was  graced  by  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  eminent 
individuals  and  learned  scholars.  The  time  was  spent  in  conversation 
and  informal  congratulation.  It  was  not  until  a  late  hour  that  the 
audience  began  to  disperse,  every  one  well  pleased  with  the  events 
of  the  day. 

A  torch-light  procession  of  the  fire  department,  accompanied  by 
bands  of  music,  marching  through  the  streets  of  Easton,  and  visiting 
the  college  grounds,  where  Mr.  Pardee,  appearing  in  front  of  the 
hall,  made  one  of  his  brief  speeches,  thanking  them  for  their  cour- 
tesy, closed  the  exercises  of  the  day. 


The  following  also  appeared  in  the  Free  Press,  containing  some 
of  the  letters  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  report : 

From  Samuel  D.  Gross,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Professor  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Phila.  (formerly  Professor  at  Lafayette)  : 

Philadelphia,  Oct.  17,  1873. 

President  Cattell,  Reverend  and  Dear  Sir :  I  have  the  honor  to  acknow- 
ledge, through  the  kindness  of  my  friend  Professor  Green,  the  receipt  of  your  letter 
inviting  me  to  be  present  at  the  dedication  of  Pardee  Hall.  It  is  a  source  of  deep 
regret  to  me  that,  in  consequence  of  my  official  duties,  it  will  not  be  in  my  power 
to  be  with  you  on  so  interesting  an  occasion,  to  do  honor  to  your  institution,  and 
especially  to  the  gentleman  who  has  so  munificently  endowed  it.  Having  been 
early  associated  with  Lafayette  College,  at  the  time  when  it  was  struggling  for  an 
existence  under  the  guardianship  of  the  good  and  noble-hearted  Dr.  Junkin,  I  have 
never  ceased  to  feel  an  interest  in  its  prosperity ;  and  now  that  it  is  rearing  its  head 
aloft  among  the  sister  colleges  of  the  country,  I  feel  not  a  little  pride  in  the  success 
which  it  has  achieved  under  its  different  administrations.  To  none  of  its  Presi- 
dents is  the  college  so  much  indebted  for  this  result  as  to  yourself,  and  I  trust  in 
God  that  you  may  long  be  spared  to  direct  and  guide  its  destinies.  With  the  aid 
of  your  distinguished  colleagues,  embracing  some  of  the  best  minds  in  the  country, 
and  of  the  munificent  liberality  of  Mr.  Pardee  and  others,  the  permanency  of 
Lafayette  College  is  no  longer  a  matter  of  doubt  or  cavil ;  nor  is  it  difficult  to 
foresee  the  influence  which  the  institution  is  destined  to  exert  upon  the  literary  taste, 
the  scholarship  and  the  scientific  attainment  of  the  young  men  of  the  United  States, 
and  through  them  upon  the  country  at  large. 

Thanking  you  most  cordially  for  your  invitation,  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Very  truly,  etc.,  your  friend  and  obedient  servant, 

S.  D.  GROSS. 

From  Rev.  James  C.  Moffat,  D.D.,  Professor  in  the  Theological 
Seminary,  Princeton,  N.  J.  (formerly  Professor  at  Lafayette)  : 


$6  APPENDIX. 

EASTON,  Oct.  21,  1873. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Cattell,  My  Dear  Sir:  Through  the  Rev.  Dr.  McGill  and  my- 
self, who  are  both  here  present,  the  Faculty  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Prince- 
lion  present  their  greeting  to  yourself  and  the  Faculty  of  Lafayette  College,  on  the 
momentous  occasion  of  opening  Pardee  Hall.  We  cordially  congratulate  you 
upon  an  event  so  auspicious  to  the  college  with  which  it  is  connected,  and  to  the 
cause  of  education. 

As  for  myself,  I  should  probably  have  been  here  on  my  own  account,  as  usual  on 
your  special  occasions ;  but  on  this,  I  am  sent.  "  You  will  appear  there,"  said  Dr. 
Hodge  to  me,  ««  as  one  of  their  old  professors,  but  we  want  you  now  to  represent 
us,  and  carry  to  Lafayette  College  the  salutations  of  Princeton." 

I  think  this  may  be  looked  on  as  the  hand  of  theology  fraternally  extended  to 
science.  We  hail  as  a  fellow-worker  every  true  and  earnest  laborer  in  the  mines 
of  truth.     Theology  has  its  relations  to  every  other  branch  of  human  knowledge. 

With  admiration  for  the  gratifying  success  of  Lafayette  College  under  your 
administration,  and  most  hearty  wishes  that,  with  the  blessing  of  God,  it  may  long 
continue,  I  remain,  yours  very  truly, 

JAMES  C.  MOFFAT. 

From  the  College  at  Princeton,  letters  were  also  received-  from 
President  McCosh  and  several  of  the  professors,  all  sending  their 
congratulations,  and  regretting  their  inability  to  be  present.  We 
print  the  letter  from  Dr.  Atwater,  one  of  the  foremost  metaphy- 
sicians of  the  age,  and  whose  visit  to  Lafayette  last  summer  is  still 
remembered  with  peculiar  pleasure  by  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of 
meeting  and  hearing  him  : 

College  of  New  Jersey,  Oct.  12,  1873. 

Rev.  Dr.  Cattell,  My  Dear  Sir  :  It  is  a  matter  of  extreme  regret  that  I  rind 
myself  prevented,  by  engagements  which  I  cannot  escape  nor  shift  to  any  other  day, 
from  attending  the  dedication  of  Pardee  Hall,  to  which  you  have  done  me  the 
honor  to  invite  me.  I  may  nevertheless  avail  myself  of  the  opportunity  which  this 
note  affords,  to  congratulate  you  on  this  further  great  advance  in  the  progress  of* 
the  college  under  your  administration,  the  trustees,  faculty  and  friends  of  the  insti- 
tution, on  the  high  rank  it  is  so  rapidly  taking  among  our  seats  of  learning;  and 
above  all,  your  noble  benefactor,  Mr.  Pardee,  that  it  has  pleased  God,  not  only  to 
give  him  the  wealth  requisite  for  rearing  so  grand  a  structure,  but  what  is  still  more 
precious,  the  heart  to  use  it  for  such  worthy  ends.  All  honor  to  him  and  such  as  he. 
Be  assured,  my  dear  sir,  that  the  pleasure  of  giving  this  expression  to  my  feelings, 
is  only  less  than  I  should  experience  could  I  be  present  to  express  them  in  person. 

Very  truly  yours, 
LYMAN  H.  ATWATER. 

Of  the  Pennsylvania  colleges,  Lehigh  University  was  represented 
by  President  Coppee,  Muhlenburg  College  by  President  Muhlenburg, 
and  Swarthmore  College  by  President  Magill.  The  others  sent  their 
greetings  by  letter  or  telegram. 

President  Woods,  of  the  Western  University,  of  Pittsburg,  writes : 


DEDICATION   OF   PARDEE    HALL.  2>7 

"...  The  occasion  will  be  one  of  interest  not  only  to  you,  but  to  every  lover 
of  learning  in  the  State.  Your  success  is  the  success  of  education ;  your  elevation 
will  tend  to  elevate  all  higher  institutions;  generosity  to  you  will  awaken  gene- 
rosity to  other  colleges.  We  rejoice  that  so  noble  a  building  is  to  be  transferred 
to  you." 

President  Loomis,  of  the  University  at  Lewisburg  : 

"...  We  rejoice  with  you.  We  appreciate  the  service  which,  with  the  new 
means  now  at  your  disposal,  you  will  be  able  to  render  to  science  and  to  the  young 
men  who  will  be  gathered  into  your  institution.  They  have  already  received  ad- 
vantages of  a  high  order.  They  will  be  hereafter  such  as  are  not  likely  to  be 
surpassed  by  any  other  institution  in  the  country. 

"  We  appreciate,  too,  the  munificence  of  the  man  from  whom  the  princely  dona- 
tion comes.  The  men  of  wealth  among  us  have  not  been  tardy  in  responding  to 
calls  upon  their  liberality  in  behalf  of  eleemosynary  institutions,  but  they  have  not 
in  all  cases  chosen  wisely  the  objects  of  their  favor.  We  desire  to  express  our 
high  sense  of  the  wisdom  of  the  selection  which  has  in  this  case  been  made,  and 
with  it  the  hope  that  his  example  may  stimulate  others  of  similar  means  to  extend 
their  benefactions  to  similar  educational  needs." 

The  following  telegram  from  President  Hays,  of  Washington  and 
Jefferson  College,  was  read  amid  great  applause: 

Washington,  Pa.,  Oct.  21,  1873. — Washington  and  Jefferson  College  tenders 
her  kindest  congratulations  to  her  sister  college  on  this,  the  day  of  our  common 
rejoicing,  and  prays,  as  you  lay  a  cap-stone  and  we  a  corner-stone,  God's  blessing 
may  be  upon  us,  both,  in  our  work  for  our  commonwealth  and  the  woi^d. 

Congratulatory  letters,  with  expressions  of  regret  at  not  having 
been  able  to  attend,  were  received  from  Provost  Stille,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania;  President  Loomis,  of  Allegheny  College; 
President  Colder,  of  the  Agricultural  College ;  President  Gummere, 
of  Haverford  College;  President  Valentine,  of  Gettysburg  College; 
President  McCauley,  Dickinson  College;  President  Jeffers,  West- 
minster ;  President  Nevin,  Franklin  and  Marshall ;  and  President 
Higbee,  Mercersburg. 

Numerous  letters  were  also  received  from  the  presidents  of  col- 
leges in  other  States.  Chancellor  Crosby,  of  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  sent  in  his  letter  the  following  sentiment,  which 
was  received  with  prolonged  cheering : 

"  Mr.  Pardee  :  He  who  establishes  an  institution  of  education  builds  a  fortress 
for  the  preservation  of  the  country's  liberties." 

President  Smith,  of  Dartmouth  College,  writes : 

"  .  .  .  I  cannot  forbear  to  congratulate  you  on  the  evident  favor  of  Divine 
Providence  to  Lafayette  College,  and  on  the  liberality  under  that  Providence,  of 
such  noble  men  as  Mr.  Pardee.     He  may  well  say, 

"Exegi  monumentum  cere  perennius" 


38  APPENDIX. 

"  I  would  there  were  many  more  such  friends  of  Christian  education.  They 
touch  not — like  some  noisy  philanthropists — the  mere  surface  of  things,  but  the 
deep  foundations.  They  build  for  many  generations,  and  many  generations  shall 
rise  up  and  call  them  blessed.  I  would  go  a  weary  journey  to  take  the  hand  of 
Mr.  Pardee,  and  tell  him  how  men,  afar  as  well  as  near,  appreciate  his  well-con- 
sidered munificence." 

President  White,  of  Cornell  University : 

" .  .  .  As  we  are  in  the  midst  of  our  first  term  and  under  much  pressure 
of  university  duties,  it  is  exceedingly  doubtful  whether  any  of  us  can  be  present 
with  you  on  that  occasion.  But  we  send  none  the  less  our  hearty  congratulations 
to  you,  and  join  in  the  thanks  which  will  be  earnestly  expressed  on  that  day  to 
Mr.  Pardee  for  his  munificent  gift,  which  is  a  benefit  not  merely  to  your  institution, 
but  to  the  whole  country." 

President  Chadbourne,  of  Williams  College  : 

" .  .  .  We  avail  ourselves  of  the  occasion  to  express  our  gratification  at 
the  great  success  of  Lafayette  College  in  the  good  work  of  sound  education,  and 
especially  to  congratulate  you  on  this  munificent  donation,  so  valuable  to  you  in 
your  work,  so  honorable  to  the  liberal  giver." 

President  Stearns,  of  Amherst  College : 

".  .  .  Pardee  Hall,  with  its  uses,  as  appointed,  is  certainly  a  grand  gift 
and  additionto  your  college.  I  rejoice  with  you,  and  congratulate  the  donor  on 
his  possessing  that  nobleness  of  heart  which  has  induced  the  munificence.  Men 
of  means  are  not  always  men  of  generous  ways.  But  when  we  find  men  of  this 
character,  we  may  thank  God  not  only  for  their  gifts,  but  still  more  for  the  manhood 
which  induces  the  gifts." 

President  Fairchild,  of  Oberlin  College : 

"...  We  are  glad  to  add  our  congratulations  to  those  of  many  others 
upon  this  evidence  of  your  enlargement  and  prosperity.  May  Pardee  Hall  long 
stand  an  honor  to  its  founder  and  to  Lafayette  College  and  a  blessing  to  many 
generations." 

Similar  congratulations  and  expressions  of  fraternal  feeling  and 
good-will  were  received  from  President  Porter,  of  Yale ;  President 
Eliot,  of  Harvard ;  President  Angell,  of  Michigan  University  j  the 
Faculty  of  Washington  and  Lee  College,  Virginia;  President  Cum- 
mings,  of  Wesleyan  University;  President  Brown,  of  Hamilton; 
President  Hodge,  of  Madison  University;  President  Robinson,  of 
Brown  University;  President  Purnell,  of  Delaware  College;  Presi- 
dent Potter,  of  Union  College ;  Chancellor  Winchell,  of  the  Syra- 
cuse University,  and  others. 


DEDICATION   OF  PARDEE   HALL.  39 


RESOLUTIONS. 


Resolutions  of  the  Borough  Council  of  Easton,  Passed 
Oct.  3,  1873. 

Resolved,  That  Council  accept  the  invitation  of  the  authorities  of  Lafayette  Col- 
lege to  attend  the  exercises  connected  with  the  opening  and  dedication  of  Pardee 
Hall,  and  will  gladly  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  to  testify  their  appreciation 
of  the  great  value  of  Lafayette  College  to  the  country  at  large,  and  especially  to 
this  town  and  neighborhood ;  and  also  to  give  some  expression  of  their  gratitude 
to  Mr.  Pardee,  through  whose  munificence  the  Scientific  Department  has  been 
endowed  and  this  noble  building  erected  for  its  use. 

Resolved,  That  our  citizens  be  recommended  to  close  their  places  of  business  in 
the  afternoon  of  the  day  of  the  ceremonies,  to  join  in  a  procession  to  receive  Mr. 
Pardee,  the  Trustees  of  the  College,  and  other  distinguished  visitors,  and  to  attend 
the  exercises  upon  College  Hill,  at  the  opening  of  the  new  Hall. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  in  connection  with  a  committee  of  our 
citizens  to  confer  with  Mr.  Pardee  to  ascertain  whether  it  will  be  agreeable  to  him 
on  the  evening  of  October  21st,  to  receive  the  citizens  of  Easton,  who  desire  on 
that  occasion  to  call  upon  him  and  testify  their  respect  for  him  and  their  appreciation 
of  the  noble  gifts  made  by  him  to  the  College,  which  have  secured  the  permanence, 
usefulness  and  efficiency  for  all  time  to  come  of  an  institution  which  gives  such 
certain  promise  of  blessing  to  our  whole  country,  by  affording  to  our  young  men 
of  all  classes  the  opportunity  of  securing  at  a  moderate  expense  a  most  thorough, 
practical  education,  qualifying  them  to  fill  with  honor  and  usefulness  the  various 
positions  in  life  they  may  be  called  upon  to  occupy. 


Resolutions  of  the  School-Board  of  Easton,  Passed 
Oct.  3,  1873. 

Resolved,  That  this  Board,  appreciating  the  eminence  Lafayette  College  has  at- 
tained among  the  highest  institutions  of  the  country,  and  believing  that  the  occa- 
sion, in  which  it  is  asked  to  participate,  should  be  made  worthy  of  the  munificent 
gift  of  Mr.  Pardee,  as  well  as  promotive  of  the  further  reputation  and  influence 
of  the  college  and  of  all  our  educational  institutions,  hereby  accept  the  invitation 
proposed. 

Resolved,  That  as  the  Board  of  Control,  representing  the  school  interests  of  the 
borough  and  recognizing  the  intimate  relations  existing  between  all  departments 
of  popular  education,  we  take  pleasure  and  pride  in  the  marked  growth  of  the  col- 
lege, and  especially  in  the  enlarged  and  multiplied  facilities  for  the  prosecution  of 
a  technical  or  scientific  course,  thus  inviting  and  offering  a  more  efficient  prepara- 
tion to  young  men  for  the  varied  industrial  pursuits  of  life.. 

Resolved,  That  in  its  Faculty  of  twenty-eight  Professors  and  Tutors,  its  enlarged 
classes,  its  flattering  prosperity  and  its  widening  fame,  we  see  an  augury  of  still 


40  APPENDIX. 

greater  progress  in  the  future,  plainly  indicating  that  it  will  soon  he  one  of  the 
first  American  institutions,  embracing  in  its  wide  range  of  instruction  every  qualifi- 
cation for  professional  practical  life  and  every  resource  for  private  culture  or  public 
usefulness.  *  *  " 

Resolved,  That  we  regard  the  Pardee  Hall  a  grand  memorial  of  wise  and  un- 
selfish beneficence,  claiming  our  public  and  recorded  thanks  to  the  generous  donor 
for  so  liberal  an  expenditure  in  so  vital  and  general  an  interest. 

Resolved,  That  on  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  October  21,  the  public  schools  be 
closed,  and  the  teachers  of  the  same,  with  the  pupils  of  the  High  School,  meet  at 
I  o'clock  at  this  office,  to  join  the  Board  of  Control  in  the  general  procession. 


Resolutions  of  the  Synod  of  Philadelphia,  Passed 
Oct.  19,  1873. 

Resolved,  1st.  That  we  have  heard  with  admiration  and  grateful  interest,  of  the 
signal  munificence  of  Ario  Pardee,  Esq.,  in  the  erection  and  furnishing  of  a  build- 
ing for  the  Scientific  Department  of  Lafayette  College,  so  magnificent  in  its  pro- 
portions, so  complete  in  its  appointments,  and  so  admirably  fitted  for  the  use  of  one 
of  the  most  important  institutions  in  our  land. 

2d.  That  as  Representatives  of  the  Church  we  offer  to  Mr.  Pardee  our  heart- 
felt thanks  for  this  and  all  his  previous  benefactions  for  the  College :  and  we  pray 
that  the  blessing  of  Him  who  "  loveth  a  cheerful  giver  "  may  be  richly  manifested 
in  all  his  experience. 

3d.  That  we  rejoice  in  this  new  evidence  of  the  prosperity  of  that  Institution 
which  has  been  planted  in  the  interests  of  our  beloved  Church,  and  the  benign  in- 
fluence of  which  is  being  more  and  more  widely  felt  throughout  the  Christian 
world. 

4th.  That  we  congratulate  our  Brother,  President  CatTELL,  on  the  marked 
success  which  has  crowned  his  self-denying  and  courageous  efforts  for  the  enlarge- 
ment and  permanent  endowment  of  this  Institution,  and  that  we  extend  to  him  and 
his  able  colleagues  in  the  faculty,  the  assurance  of  our  best  wishes  and  prayers  for 
their  long  life  and  prosperity  in  the  good  work  in  which  they  are  engaged. 

5th.  That  we  accept  the  invitation  to  attend  the  dedication  of  Pardee  Hall,  on 
Tuesday  next :  and  that  our  special  thanks  are  due  to  the  North  Pennsylvania  and 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  Companies,  for  the  facilities  they  have  extended. 


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